Comfort Megan
RTI International and University of California, San Francisco.
J Poverty. 2012 Jan 1;16(3):308-322. doi: 10.1080/10875549.2012.695923. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
With the tremendous rise in the United States' incarceration rates over the last four decades, historically high numbers of young African Americans are spending their "emerging adulthood" (as theorized by Arnett) in close contact with the penitentiary. In contrast to the exploration of future possibilities facilitated by academic, military, and professional institutions geared toward people in this life stage, imprisonment typically restricts one's social, occupational, and civic opportunities during and after confinement. In this article, I draw on in-depth interviews with young men who had recently exited state prison and their intimate partners to probe the meanings of incarceration for emerging adults in the neoliberal era. This investigation invokes Merton and Barber's concept of sociological ambivalence, Blankenship's discussion of sociological thriving, and Bourdieu's notion of amor fati to analyze the paradoxically positive accounts offered by young people when describing their early experiences with the prison. I argue that these narratives must be interpreted in the broader context of diminished social welfare and intensified socioeconomic disadvantage that force poor people to turn to a punitive institution as a "resource" for the social goods distributed through valorized channels to their more privileged peers. This analysis invites further research by highlighting the necessity of developing a thorough understanding of the dominant role of the prison as a shaping institution at a critical juncture in the lives of those born into poverty.
在过去四十年里,美国的监禁率急剧上升,历史上有大量年轻非裔美国人在“成年初显期”(如阿尼特所提出的理论)就与监狱密切接触。与那些面向处于这个人生阶段的人的学术、军事和专业机构所推动的对未来可能性的探索不同,监禁通常会在监禁期间及之后限制一个人的社会、职业和公民机会。在本文中,我通过对刚从州立监狱出狱的年轻男性及其亲密伴侣进行深入访谈,来探究监禁对于新自由主义时代成年初显期人群的意义。这项调查运用了默顿和巴伯的社会学矛盾心理概念、布兰肯希普对社会学繁荣的讨论以及布迪厄的命定之爱概念,来分析年轻人在描述他们早期监狱经历时给出的看似积极的叙述。我认为,这些叙述必须在社会福利减少和社会经济劣势加剧的更广泛背景下来解读,这种背景迫使穷人求助于惩罚性机构,将其作为一种“资源”,以获取通过正当渠道分配给更有特权的同龄人的社会福利。这种分析强调了深入理解监狱在贫困人群生命关键阶段作为塑造机构的主导作用的必要性,从而引发了进一步的研究。