Tönz O, Stronski S M, Gmeiner C Y
Pädiatrische Klinik Kinderspital Luzern.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1990 Jan 10;120(1-2):10-20.
The female members of two different gym squads who where subject to hard training (12 to 15 hours a week), were investigated in regard to their growth parameters shortly after the beginning of intensive training and at yearly intervals thereafter. 12 of the initial 25 girls gave up training before reaching their 14th year. Only data compiled during the training period were included in the study. At the beginning of training, the gymnasts were comparable to the standard population (Zurich Longitudinal Study of Growth and Development) in regard to height and bone age: their weight was slightly subaverage. Height, growth rate, bone age, weight development and skinfold thickness remained clearly below standard values during the years of training. Due to a prolonged growth spurt during puberty, the final height and body weight were again comparable to standard values. Thelarche, pubarche and menarche were also significantly delayed; thelarche and menarche did occur, though, when the same body measurements (height, weight) as compared to the standard population were reached. FH, FSH and estradiol showed the puberty rise only after the 14th year, i.e. with considerable delay. When separately analyzing the data of the girls who gave up training before completing their 14th year, preexisting greater body measurements (including bone age) as well as more rapid development during the first years of training were found. Thus, the observed physical growth retardation is partly due to predisposition in the form of a constitutional late puberty, and is partly caused by the intensive training. A permanent physical developmental loss was not observed.
对两个不同体操队中接受高强度训练（每周12至15小时）的女性成员，在强化训练开始后不久以及此后每年对其生长参数进行了调查。最初的25名女孩中有12名在14岁之前放弃了训练。研究仅纳入了训练期间收集的数据。训练开始时，体操运动员在身高和骨龄方面与标准人群（苏黎世生长与发育纵向研究）相当：她们的体重略低于平均水平。在训练的几年中，身高、生长速率、骨龄、体重增长和皮褶厚度明显低于标准值。由于青春期生长突增延长，最终身高和体重再次与标准值相当。乳房发育、阴毛发育和月经初潮也明显延迟；不过，当达到与标准人群相同的身体测量值（身高、体重）时，乳房发育和月经初潮确实出现了。促卵泡激素、促黄体生成素和雌二醇直到14岁以后才出现青春期升高，即有相当大的延迟。在单独分析那些在14岁之前放弃训练的女孩的数据时，发现她们之前的身体测量值（包括骨龄）更大，并且在训练的头几年发育更快。因此，观察到的身体生长迟缓部分归因于体质性青春期发育延迟形式的易感性，部分是由高强度训练引起的。未观察到永久性的身体发育损失。
