Department of Medical Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India.
Photochem Photobiol. 2013 Mar-Apr;89(2):483-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01239.x. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
Urine is one of the diagnostically important bio fluids, as it has different metabolites in it, where many of them are native fluorophores. Native fluorescence characteristics of human urine samples were studied using excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) over a range of excitation and emission wavelengths, and emission spectra at 405 nm excitation, to discriminate patients with cancer from the normal subjects. The fluorescence spectra of urine samples of cancer patients exhibit considerable spectral differences in both EEMs and emission spectra with respect to normal subjects. Different ratios were calculated using the fluorescence intensity values of the emission spectra and they were used as input variables for a multiple linear discriminant analysis across different groups. The discriminant analysis classifies 94.7% of the original grouped cases and 94.1% of the cross-validated grouped cases correctly. Based on the fluorescence emission characteristics of urine and statistical analysis, it may be concluded that the fluorophores nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavins may be considered as metabolomic markers of cancer.
尿液是具有诊断价值的生物体液之一，因为其中含有不同的代谢物，其中许多是内源性荧光团。本研究使用激发-发射矩阵（EEM）在一定的激发和发射波长范围内，以及在 405nm 激发下的发射光谱，研究了人尿液样本的固有荧光特性，以区分癌症患者和正常受试者。与正常受试者相比，癌症患者尿液样本的荧光光谱在 EEM 和发射光谱中都表现出相当大的光谱差异。使用发射光谱的荧光强度值计算了不同的比值，并将其用作不同组之间多元线性判别分析的输入变量。判别分析正确分类了 94.7%的原始分组病例和 94.1%的交叉验证分组病例。基于尿液的荧光发射特性和统计分析，可以得出结论，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）和黄素类可能被认为是癌症的代谢组学标志物。
