埃塞俄比亚西北部大学生使用紧急口服避孕药对避孕套使用及性风险行为的影响：一项横断面研究
Effect of emergency oral contraceptive use on condom utilization and sexual risk taking behaviours among university students, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Wasie Belaynew, Belyhun Yeshambel, Moges Beyene, Amare Bemnet
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Res Notes. 2012 Sep 13;5:501. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-501.
BACKGROUND
Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 years are both the most at risk of HIV and the greatest hope for turning the tide against HIV/AIDS. Although various surveys have been done on sexual behaviour of youth in Ethiopia, studies assessing the effect of emergency oral contraceptives on condom utilization of university students are lacking.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two major universities of Ethiopia from January to May 2011 using structured self administered questionnaire with the aim to assess the effect of introducing oral emergency contraceptive pills on condom utilization and sexual risk taking behaviours among female university students. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling using the list from the associate registrars of each University. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with condom utilization.
RESULTS
a total of 623 students out of 660 were included giving response rate of 94.4%. A total of 103(16.5%) had history of sexual intercourse and nearly half (45.6%) of them had sex before the age of 20 years. Forty (6.4%) students had history of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Sixty seven percent of students had heard about emergency oral contraceptives. One hundred and ninety one (45.7%) of students believe that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy. Believing that EOC is effective in preventing pregnancy (adjusted Odds ratio, AOR = 0.22 95% CI 0.06, 0.87), condom prevents STI (AOR = 10.37, 95% CI 1.73, 62.24) and younger age below 20 years (AOR = 11.68 95% CI 1.25, 109.19) were statistically significantly associated with condom use.
CONCLUSION
a significant number of students had history of sexual intercourse and used emergency contraception. The belief in the effectiveness of EOC negatively affects condom use. The preference for the pill may make teenagers less prepared to practice STI protective behaviours in specific situations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to educate young people in universities about reproductive health and family planning and skills on how to prevent HIV/STIs including unwanted pregnancy.
背景
15至24岁的年轻人既是感染艾滋病毒风险最高的群体，也是扭转艾滋病毒/艾滋病局势的最大希望所在。尽管埃塞俄比亚已针对青年性行为开展了多项调查，但缺乏评估紧急口服避孕药对大学生避孕套使用情况影响的研究。
方法
2011年1月至5月，在埃塞俄比亚的两所主要大学开展了一项横断面研究，采用结构化自填问卷，旨在评估引入口服紧急避孕药对女大学生避孕套使用情况和性风险行为的影响。研究参与者通过简单随机抽样选取，使用各大学副注册主任提供的名单。数据录入、清理和分析使用SPSS 17.0版。采用双变量和多因素逻辑回归分析来确定与避孕套使用相关的因素。
结果
660名学生中有623名纳入研究，应答率为94.4%。共有103名（16.5%）有性交史，其中近一半（45.6%）在20岁之前有过性行为。40名（6.4%）学生有性传播感染史。67%的学生听说过紧急口服避孕药。191名（45.7%）学生认为紧急口服避孕药能有效预防怀孕。认为紧急口服避孕药能有效预防怀孕（调整后的优势比，AOR = 0.22，95%可信区间0.06，0.87）、避孕套能预防性传播感染（AOR = 10.37，95%可信区间1.73，62.24）以及年龄在20岁以下（AOR = 11.68，95%可信区间1.25，109.19）与避孕套使用在统计学上显著相关。
结论
相当数量的学生有性交史并使用过紧急避孕药。对紧急口服避孕药有效性的认知对避孕套使用有负面影响。对避孕药丸的偏好可能使青少年在特定情况下不太愿意采取预防性传播感染的行为。因此，迫切需要对大学生进行生殖健康和计划生育教育，以及传授如何预防艾滋病毒/性传播感染（包括意外怀孕）的技能。
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