Abbey M, Clifton P, Kestin M, Belling B, Nestel P
CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia.
Arteriosclerosis. 1990 Jan-Feb;10(1):85-94. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.10.1.85.
A group of 33 mildly hypercholesterolemic men were stratified into three groups on diets closely matched except for the polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement. The first group received 14 g/day of linoleic acid (safflower oil); the second group, 9 g of alpha-linolenic acid (linseed oil); and the third group, 3.8 g of n-3 fatty acids (fish oil). Only fish oil lowered plasma triglycerides (by 24% at 6 weeks, p less than 0.05 compared to safflower oil). Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoprotein (apo) B, triglyceride, and cholesterol all fell significantly with the fish-oil diet (p less than 0.01). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fell by 0.18 and 0.10 mmol/l, respectively, with the safflower-oil and linseed-oil diets, but rose by 0.24 mmol/l with the fish-oil diet (p less than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between the changes in VLDL triglyceride and LDL cholesterol with the fish-oil diet (r = -0.84, p less than 0.002). High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell slightly in all three groups (p less than 0.02 with the linseed-oil diet only). However, the apo A-I/A-II ratio rose by 5% (p less than 0.05), and the HDL2/HDL3 protein ratio increased by 28% with the fish-oil diet (p less than 0.005). Fish oil reduced the capacity for transfer of cholesteryl ester between LDL and HDL by 23% (p less than 0.02 compared to baseline), reduced plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by 21% (p less than 0.05), and reduced maximal stimulated thromboxane production by 9% (p less than 0.05). Thus fish oil produced three potentially beneficial changes: significant decreases in VLDL concentration and in thromboxane production and an increase in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio. The increase in the average HDL particle size probably reflected reduced cholesteryl ester acceptor capacity within the smaller pool of VLDL, as well as the decline in lipid transfer activity in plasma involving transfer protein itself, LDL, and HDL.
33名轻度高胆固醇血症男性被分为三组，他们的饮食除了多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂外其他都紧密匹配。第一组每天摄入14克亚油酸（红花油）；第二组每天摄入9克α-亚麻酸（亚麻籽油）；第三组每天摄入3.8克n-3脂肪酸（鱼油）。只有鱼油降低了血浆甘油三酯水平（6周时降低了24%，与红花油相比p<0.05）。食用鱼油饮食时，极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）载脂蛋白（apo）B、甘油三酯和胆固醇均显著下降（p<0.01）。食用红花油和亚麻籽油饮食时，低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇分别下降了0.18和0.10毫摩尔/升，但食用鱼油饮食时上升了0.24毫摩尔/升（p<0.05）。食用鱼油饮食时，VLDL甘油三酯和LDL胆固醇的变化之间存在很强的相关性（r = -0.84，p<0.002）。三组中高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇均略有下降（仅亚麻籽油饮食组p<0.02）。然而，食用鱼油饮食时，apo A-I/A-II比值上升了5%（p<0.05），HDL2/HDL3蛋白比值增加了28%（p<0.005）。鱼油使LDL与HDL之间胆固醇酯的转移能力降低了23%（与基线相比p<0.02），使血浆卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶活性降低了21%（p<0.05），并使最大刺激血栓素生成降低了9%（p<0.05）。因此，鱼油产生了三个潜在有益的变化：VLDL浓度显著降低、血栓素生成减少以及HDL2/HDL3比值增加。平均HDL颗粒大小的增加可能反映了较小的VLDL池内胆固醇酯受体能力的降低，以及涉及转运蛋白本身、LDL和HDL的血浆脂质转移活性的下降。
