Lankinen Maria, Kolehmainen Marjukka, Jääskeläinen Tiina, Paananen Jussi, Joukamo Laura, Kangas Antti J, Soininen Pasi, Poutanen Kaisa, Mykkänen Hannu, Gylling Helena, Orešič Matej, Jauhiainen Matti, Ala-Korpela Mika, Uusitupa Matti, Schwab Ursula
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland ; VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 28;9(2):e90352. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090352. eCollection 2014.
We studied the combined effects of wholegrain, fish and bilberries on serum metabolic profile and lipid transfer protein activities in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
Altogether 131 subjects (40-70 y, BMI 26-39 kg/m(2)) with impaired glucose metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome were randomized into three groups with 12-week periods according to a parallel study design. They consumed either: a) wholegrain and low postprandial insulin response grain products, fatty fish 3 times a week, and bilberries 3 portions per day (HealthyDiet), b) wholegrain and low postprandial insulin response grain products (WGED), or c) refined wheat breads as cereal products (Control). Altogether 106 subjects completed the study. Serum metabolic profile was studied using an NMR-based platform providing information on lipoprotein subclasses and lipids as well as low-molecular-weight metabolites.
There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the groups at baseline or at the end of the intervention. Mixed model analyses revealed significant changes in lipid metabolites in the HealthyDiet group during the intervention compared to the Control group. All changes reflected increased polyunsaturation in plasma fatty acids, especially in n-3 PUFAs, while n-6 and n-7 fatty acids decreased. According to tertiles of changes in fish intake, a greater increase of fish intake was associated with increased concentration of large HDL particles, larger average diameter of HDL particles, and increased concentrations of large HDL lipid components, even though total levels of HDL cholesterol remained stable.
The results suggest that consumption of diet rich in whole grain, bilberries and especially fatty fish causes changes in HDL particles shifting their subclass distribution toward larger particles. These changes may be related to known protective functions of HDL such as reverse cholesterol transport and could partly explain the known protective effects of fish consumption against atherosclerosis.
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00573781.
我们研究了全谷物、鱼类和越橘对代谢综合征患者血清代谢谱以及脂质转运蛋白活性的综合影响。
根据平行研究设计，将131名年龄在40至70岁、体重指数为26至39kg/m²且糖代谢受损并有代谢综合征特征的受试者随机分为三组，每组进行为期12周的干预。他们分别食用：a）全谷物和低餐后胰岛素反应的谷物产品、每周3次的富含脂肪的鱼类以及每天3份越橘（健康饮食组），b）全谷物和低餐后胰岛素反应的谷物产品（全谷物饮食组），或c）精制小麦面包作为谷物产品（对照组）。共有106名受试者完成了研究。使用基于核磁共振的平台研究血清代谢谱，该平台可提供有关脂蛋白亚类、脂质以及低分子量代谢物的信息。
在基线或干预结束时，各组之间的临床特征无显著差异。混合模型分析显示，与对照组相比，健康饮食组在干预期间脂质代谢物有显著变化。所有变化均反映出血浆脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸增加，尤其是n-3多不饱和脂肪酸，而n-6和n-7脂肪酸减少。根据鱼类摄入量变化的三分位数，鱼类摄入量增加幅度越大，与大颗粒高密度脂蛋白（HDL）浓度增加、HDL颗粒平均直径增大以及大颗粒HDL脂质成分浓度增加相关，尽管HDL胆固醇的总水平保持稳定。
结果表明，食用富含全谷物、越橘尤其是富含脂肪鱼类的饮食会导致HDL颗粒发生变化，使其亚类分布向更大颗粒转变。这些变化可能与HDL已知的保护功能（如逆向胆固醇转运）有关，并且可以部分解释食用鱼类对动脉粥样硬化的已知保护作用。
该研究已在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT00573781。
