Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero Sezione di Taranto "A. Cerruti"-CNR, via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Mar;20(3):1606-16. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1103-x. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
A large number of bacteria, including agents responsible for diseases, characterise sewage-polluted seawaters. Apart from standards for bathing waters and bivalve aquaculture waters, there are no general microbiological standards applicable to seawaters to help decide if bacterial pollution is within acceptable ranges. This study represents an attempt towards the issue of comparing the susceptibility of different marine invertebrates subjected to polluted seawater with a high microbial contamination. We explored the survival rates and the microbiological accumulation of mollusc bivalves, echinoderms and crustaceans species exposed to sewage-polluted seawaters. Microbiological analyses were performed on the polluted seawater and on the homogenates of exposed and unexposed specimens. Culturable bacteria (22 °C and 37 °C) and microbial pollution indicators (total coliforms, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci) were measured. When exposed to the sewage-polluted seawater, the examined invertebrates showed different survival rates. In the filter feeders, bacterial densities at 22 °C and 37 °C rose after 96 h of exposure to sewage. The highest concentrations of total coliforms and intestinal enterococci were found in exposed bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. The concentrations of bacteria growing at 37 °C were lower in the exposed deposit feeders compared to the polluted seawater. Some yeasts were absent in several exposed species although these yeasts were present in the polluted seawater. Our data suggest that the examined filter feeders, given their capability to survive and accumulate bacteria, may counteract the effects of sewage and restore seawater quality.
大量细菌，包括致病因子，存在于受污水污染的海水中。除了适用于浴场和贝类养殖水的标准外，尚无适用于海水的一般微生物标准来判断细菌污染是否在可接受范围内。本研究旨在探讨受高微生物污染的污水影响下，不同海洋无脊椎动物对污染海水的敏感性问题。我们研究了贝类双壳类动物、棘皮动物和甲壳类动物在受污水污染的海水中的存活率和微生物积累情况。对污染海水以及暴露和未暴露标本的匀浆进行了微生物分析。对可培养细菌（22°C 和 37°C）和微生物污染指标（总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和肠道肠球菌）进行了测量。当暴露于污水污染的海水中时，所检查的无脊椎动物表现出不同的存活率。在滤食性动物中，暴露于污水后 96 小时，22°C 和 37°C 的细菌密度增加。在暴露于污水的贝类贻贝中发现了最高浓度的总大肠菌群和肠道肠球菌。在暴露于污水的沉积物滤食性动物中，37°C 下生长的细菌浓度低于污染海水。尽管污水中存在某些酵母，但在几个暴露的物种中不存在这些酵母。我们的数据表明，所检查的滤食性动物由于其能够生存和积累细菌的能力，可能会抵消污水的影响并恢复海水质量。
