Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Oct;9(4):687-701. doi: 10.1007/s13311-012-0145-6.
The classification of sleep disorders is necessary to discriminate between disorders and to facilitate an understanding of symptoms, etiology, and pathophysiology that allows for appropriate treatment. The earliest classification systems, largely organized according to major symptoms (insomnia, excessive sleepiness, and abnormal events that occur during sleep), were unable to be based on pathophysiology because the cause of most sleep disorders was unknown. These 3 symptom-based categories are easily understood by physicians and are therefore useful for developing a differential diagnosis. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, version 2, published in 2005 and currently undergoing revision, combines a symptomatic presentation (e.g., insomnia) with 1 organized in part on pathophysiology (e.g., circadian rhythms) and in part on body systems (e.g., breathing disorders). This organization of sleep disorders is necessary because of the varied nature and because the pathophysiology for many of the disorders is still unknown. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, version 2 provides relevant diagnostic and epidemiological information on sleep disorders to more easily differentiate between the disorders.
睡眠障碍的分类对于鉴别不同的障碍以及帮助理解症状、病因和病理生理学非常重要，这有助于进行适当的治疗。最早的分类系统主要根据主要症状（失眠、过度嗜睡和睡眠期间发生的异常事件）进行组织，由于大多数睡眠障碍的原因尚不清楚，因此无法基于病理生理学进行分类。这 3 个基于症状的类别很容易被医生理解，因此对于制定鉴别诊断非常有用。2005 年发布的、目前正在修订的《国际睡眠障碍分类》第 2 版将症状表现（例如失眠）与部分基于病理生理学（例如昼夜节律）和部分基于身体系统（例如呼吸障碍）的分类相结合。这种睡眠障碍的组织方式是必要的，因为这些障碍的性质多种多样，而且许多障碍的病理生理学仍然未知。《国际睡眠障碍分类》第 2 版提供了有关睡眠障碍的相关诊断和流行病学信息，以便更轻松地区分不同的障碍。
