Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Celebration, FL 34747, USA.
Nutr J. 2012 Sep 14;11:71. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-71.
Strategies that may increase compliance to reduced energy intakes are needed to reduce the health burden of obesity. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the effects of snacking on satiety and energy intake.
This study compared short-term satiety from two common snack foods, low fat popcorn or potato chips. Using a counterbalanced within-subject design, 35 normal weight non-smoking participants (17 men, 18 women) ages 20-50 years (mean age 33 ± 11, BMI 23 ± 2 kg/m²) consumed four conditions each: 200 mL of water (control), one cup (4 g, 15 kcal) popcorn, 6 cups (27 g, 100 kcal) popcorn, and one cup (28 g, 150 kcal) potato chips, each with 200 mL water. Participants rated their hunger, satisfaction, prospective consumption, and thirst on 100 mm visual analogue scales 30 minutes after commencement of snack consumption. In addition, post-snack energy intake from an ad libitum meal (amount served less amount remaining) was measured, and the test food and meal combined energy intake and energy compensation were calculated.
Participants expressed less hunger, more satisfaction, and lower estimates of prospective food consumption after six cups of popcorn compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05). Energy compensation was 220% ± 967%, 76% ± 143% and 42% ± 75% after one cup popcorn, six cups popcorn and one cup potato chips, respectively. Combined energy intake was significantly greater (P < 0.01) during the potato chips condition (803 ± 277 kcal) compared to control (716 ± 279 kcal) or popcorn conditions (698 ± 286 kcal for one cup and 739 ± 294 kcal for six cups). Combined energy intakes from both popcorn conditions were not significantly different than control (p > 0.05).
Popcorn exerted a stronger effect on short-term satiety than did potato chips as measured by subjective ratings and energy intake at a subsequent meal. This, combined with its relatively low calorie load, suggests that whole grain popcorn is a prudent choice for those wanting to reduce feelings of hunger while managing energy intake and ultimately, body weight.
需要采取增加对低能量摄入的依从性的策略，以减轻肥胖带来的健康负担。关于零食对饱腹感和能量摄入的影响，目前存在相互矛盾的证据。
本研究比较了两种常见零食（低脂爆米花或薯片）的短期饱腹感。采用平衡的自身对照设计，35 名正常体重、不吸烟的参与者（男性 17 名，女性 18 名）年龄 20-50 岁（平均年龄 33±11 岁，BMI 23±2kg/m²）分别摄入以下四种情况：200ml 水（对照）、一杯（4g，15kcal）爆米花、六杯（27g，100kcal）爆米花和一杯（28g，150kcal）薯片，均搭配 200ml 水。参与者在开始吃零食后 30 分钟内，使用 100mm 视觉模拟量表评估饥饿感、饱腹感、预期食物摄入量和口渴感。此外，还测量了一份随意餐（供应量减去剩余量）中的餐后能量摄入，并计算了测试食物和餐的总能量摄入和能量补偿。
与其他所有处理方式相比，参与者在食用六杯爆米花后表示饥饿感降低，满足感更高，对预期食物摄入量的估计也更低（P<0.05）。一杯爆米花、六杯爆米花和一杯薯片后，能量补偿分别为 220%±967%、76%±143%和 42%±75%。与对照（716±279kcal）或爆米花条件（一杯 698±286kcal，六杯 739±294kcal）相比，薯片条件下的总能量摄入显著更高（P<0.01，803±277kcal）。两种爆米花条件下的总能量摄入与对照相比无显著差异（p>0.05）。
与薯片相比，爆米花在主观评价和随后的一餐中能量摄入方面对短期饱腹感的影响更强。再加上其相对较低的热量负荷，这表明全谷物爆米花是那些想要在控制能量摄入和最终体重的同时减少饥饿感的人的明智选择。
