Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Dec;75(12):2215-24. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.020. Epub 2012 Sep 1.
The recession of the late 2000s has increased interest in the consequences of housing instability. Previous research has shown poorer health among those experiencing housing instability, but extant studies generally have focused on selected populations (e.g., homeowners or renters) or studied only one type of housing instability (e.g. homelessness). Using new data from the Michigan Recession and Recovery Study, a population-based sample of working-aged adults from Southeastern Michigan, U.S.A., in late 2009-early 2010, we found that about one-third of respondents recently experienced some type of housing instability. Many, but not all, types of instability were associated with health. Even after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and earlier health, individuals who had moved for cost reasons in the past three years were more likely than those with no housing instability to report a recent anxiety attack, while those who experienced homelessness in the past year had a higher likelihood of reporting fair/poor self-rated health and of meeting criteria for major or minor depression. Renters behind on rental payments were more likely to meet criteria for depression, while mortgage-holders behind on their mortgage or in foreclosure had a higher likelihood of reporting fair/poor self-rated health or a recent anxiety attack. Among respondents who had ever owned a home, those who completed a foreclosure recently were more likely to report major or minor depression or an anxiety attack. However, frequent moves were not associated with poorer health, and doubling up and eviction were not associated with poorer health after adjustment for characteristics that sort people into different housing instability experiences. Our findings suggest the importance of considering multiple types of housing instability and using appropriate risk groups and comparison categories.
2000 年代后期的经济衰退增加了人们对住房不稳定后果的关注。先前的研究表明，住房不稳定的人健康状况较差，但现有研究通常侧重于特定人群（例如，房主或租户）或仅研究一种住房不稳定（例如无家可归）。利用美国东南部密歇根州 2009 年末至 2010 年初对工作年龄成年人进行的基于人群的密歇根经济衰退和复苏研究的新数据，我们发现约有三分之一的受访者最近经历过某种类型的住房不稳定。许多（但不是全部）类型的不稳定与健康有关。即使在调整了社会人口特征和早期健康状况后，在过去三年中因经济原因而搬家的人比没有住房不稳定的人更有可能报告最近出现焦虑发作，而在过去一年中无家可归的人更有可能报告健康状况一般/较差和符合重度或轻度抑郁的标准。拖欠租金的租户更有可能符合抑郁标准，而拖欠抵押贷款或丧失抵押品赎回权的抵押贷款持有人更有可能报告健康状况一般/较差或最近出现焦虑发作。在曾经拥有住房的受访者中，最近完成止赎的人更有可能报告出现重度或轻度抑郁或焦虑发作。然而，频繁搬家与健康状况不佳无关，并且在调整了将人们归入不同住房不稳定经历的特征后，合住和驱逐并不与健康状况不佳相关。我们的研究结果表明，考虑多种类型的住房不稳定并用适当的风险群体和比较类别来考虑的重要性。
