Heidemann Martin, Hintermair Corinna, Voß Kirsten, Eick Dirk
Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Munich, Germany.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jan;1829(1):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.08.013. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
The eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) catalyzes the transcription of all protein encoding genes and is also responsible for the generation of small regulatory RNAs. RNAPII has evolved a unique domain composed of heptapeptide repeats with the consensus sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7 at the C-terminus (CTD) of its largest subunit (Rpb1). Dynamic phosphorylation patterns of serine residues in CTD during gene transcription coordinate the recruitment of factors to the elongating RNAPII and to the nascent transcript. Recent studies identified threonine 4 and tyrosine 1 as new CTD modifications and thereby expanded the "CTD code". In this review, we focus on CTD phosphorylation and its function in the RNAPII transcription cycle. We also discuss in detail the limitations of the phosphospecific CTD antibodies, which are used in all studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA Polymerase II Transcript Elongation.
真核生物RNA聚合酶II（RNAPII）催化所有蛋白质编码基因的转录，并且还负责产生小的调节性RNA。RNAPII在其最大亚基（Rpb1）的C末端（CTD）进化出一个由七肽重复序列组成的独特结构域，其共有序列为Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7。基因转录过程中CTD中丝氨酸残基的动态磷酸化模式协调了因子向延伸中的RNAPII和新生转录本的募集。最近的研究将苏氨酸4和酪氨酸1鉴定为新的CTD修饰，从而扩展了“CTD密码”。在本综述中，我们重点关注CTD磷酸化及其在RNAPII转录周期中的功能。我们还详细讨论了所有研究中使用的磷酸特异性CTD抗体的局限性。本文是名为：RNA聚合酶II转录延伸的特刊的一部分。
