Donofrio Robert S, Bechanko Robin, Hitt Nathan, O'Malley Kathy, Charnauski Tamara, Bestervelt Lorelle L, Saha Nabaneeta, Saha Ratul
NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
J Environ Health. 2012 Sep;75(2):12-9.
Household microorganisms are found in unexpected places. Therefore, the authors conducted a study to investigate the microbial hotspots and reveal the misconceptions regarding the most contaminated objects in the household. In the authors' study, 26 daily use objects in 22 households were sampled to determine the levels of heterotrophic plate count (HPC), coliforms, E. coli, yeast and mold, and Staphylococcus aureus. High microbial concentration was found in the kitchen area and the dish sponge was the most contaminated item in the household, followed by the toothbrush holder. Coliforms were most prevalent in the kitchen on items such as sponges, sinks, and cutting boards. Yeast and molds were found on leather, fabric, porcelain, and laminate, and S. aureus was found on personal objects and pet's items. Overall, HPC and the presence of coliforms were significantly related to surface type (p < .05). In the kitchen, cleaning frequency (p < .03) and type of cleaning (p < .0003) had significant effects on HPC. The authors' study provides information that will help the general population to make an educated decision in developing a proper and routine cleaning regime in their homes. This baseline data might contribute to designing appropriate sanitation guidelines or standards that will help to implement proper sanitation practices in households and to conducting further research in the area of foodborne and household communicable diseases.
家庭微生物存在于意想不到的地方。因此，作者开展了一项研究，以调查微生物热点，并揭示有关家庭中污染最严重物品的误解。在作者的研究中，对22个家庭中的26件日常用品进行了采样，以确定异养平板计数（HPC）、大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、酵母和霉菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌的含量。结果发现厨房区域的微生物浓度很高，并发现家用海绵是污染最严重的物品，其次是牙刷架。大肠菌群在厨房的海绵、水槽和砧板等物品上最为普遍。在皮革、织物、瓷器和层压板上发现了酵母和霉菌，在个人物品和宠物用品上发现了金黄色葡萄球菌。总体而言，HPC和大肠菌群的存在与表面类型显著相关（p < 0.05）。在厨房中，清洁频率（p < 0.03）和清洁类型（p < 0.0003）对HPC有显著影响。作者的研究提供了相关信息，有助于普通民众在制定家庭适当的日常清洁制度时做出明智的决定。这些基线数据可能有助于设计适当的卫生指南或标准，以帮助在家庭中实施适当的卫生措施，并在食源性和家庭传染病领域开展进一步研究。
