[New genotype of the sacbrood virus of the honeybee Apis mellifera].

The sacbrood virus (SBV) leads to death of honeybee larvae. Until now, there were known three SBV genotypes: European, Asian, and South African (E. Grabensteiner et al., 2001; S. E. Choe et al., 2012). Serologic assay, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the SBV RNA-polymerase gene fragments resulted in discovery of two genotypes of SBV circulating among the honeybee Apis mellifera in the European region of Russian Federation (RF). One of them forms a new distinct genetic lineage of SBV (genotype 4), which has not been described before and has an intermediate position between the Asian and the South African genotypes on a phylogenetic tree. The viruses belonging to this group were isolated from honeybee in Kaluga region in 1986, and in 2006 from honeybee introduced earlier to Moscow from Uzbekistan. The sequence homology inside this group is 94.2%, whereas this one between different groups is not higher then 80.6-83.5%. Another group represents the European genotype of SBV circulating in Krasnodar Territory, Adyghe Republic, and Moscow region. Two SBV genotypes from Russian Federation can be differentiated using PCR and radial immunodiffusion test (RID). As for RID, both genotypes react with antiserum #6(1), but only the fourth genotype reacts with antiserum #58.