Benito E, Obrador A, Stiggelbout A, Bosch F X, Mulet M, Muñoz N, Kaldor J
Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Registre de Càncer de Mallorca, Misericòrdia, Ciutat de Mallorca, Spain.
Int J Cancer. 1990 Jan 15;45(1):69-76. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910450114.
A population-based case-control study was conducted between July 1984 and February 1988 in the Spanish island of Majorca; 286 incident colorectal cancer cases, 295 population controls and 203 hospital controls were interviewed using a food frequency questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis, an increased risk of colon cancer was found for high consumption of fresh meats (RR = 2.87) while a high consumption of cruciferous vegetables afforded protection (RR = 0.48). For rectal cancer an increased risk was associated with dairy products (RR = 3.08) while a protection was afforded by consumption of cruciferae (RR = 0.50). For colorectal cancer, the cereal food group also showed an increase in risk (RR = 1.92). When cases were compared to hospital controls, the effects of cruciferae in colon and rectum and those of dairy products in rectal cancer remained. The magnitude of the RR estimates was decreased for most comparisons, although in general terms the direction of the associations was the same. In addition, univariate analyses of food groups also suggested significant increases in risk of colorectal cancer for increasing consumption of cereals, potatoes, pastry, eggs and number of meals per day. An indication was found of a reduction in risk for consumers of coffee. An analysis based on risk scores was also conducted and a 4-fold increase in the risk of colorectal cancer and a highly significant statistical trend was found for high consumption of fresh meat, dairy products and cereals combined with low consumption of cruciferae.
1984年7月至1988年2月间，在西班牙马略卡岛开展了一项基于人群的病例对照研究；使用食物频率问卷对286例结直肠癌新发病例、295名人群对照和203名医院对照进行了访谈。在多变量分析中，发现新鲜肉类高摄入量会增加患结肠癌的风险（相对风险RR = 2.87），而十字花科蔬菜高摄入量则具有保护作用（RR = 0.48）。对于直肠癌，乳制品摄入量增加与之风险增加相关（RR = 3.08），而食用十字花科植物则具有保护作用（RR = 0.50）。对于结直肠癌，谷物食品组也显示风险增加（RR = 1.92）。当将病例与医院对照进行比较时，十字花科植物对结肠和直肠的影响以及乳制品对直肠癌的影响依然存在。尽管总体而言关联方向相同，但大多数比较中RR估计值的幅度有所降低。此外，对食物组的单变量分析还表明，随着谷物、土豆、糕点、鸡蛋摄入量的增加以及每日用餐次数的增加，患结直肠癌的风险显著增加。发现喝咖啡的人风险有所降低。还进行了基于风险评分的分析，结果发现，新鲜肉类、乳制品和谷物高摄入量与十字花科植物低摄入量相结合会使结直肠癌风险增加4倍，且存在高度显著的统计学趋势。
