Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Nov;87(5):786-795. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0010. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
The Jolivert Safe Water for Families program has sold sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine) and conducted household visits in rural Haiti since 2002. To assess the impact of the program on diarrheal disease, in 2010 we conducted a survey and water quality testing in 201 program participants and 425 control households selected at random. Fifty-six percent of participants (versus 10% of controls) had free chlorine residuals between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/L, indicating correct water treatment. Using intention-to-treat analysis, we found that significantly fewer children < 5 in participant households had an episode of diarrhea in the previous 48 hours (32% versus 52%; P < 0.001) with 59% reduced odds (odds ratio = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.21-0.79). Treatment-on-treated estimates of the odds of diarrhea indicated larger program effects for participants who met more stringent verifications of participation. Diarrheal disease reduction in this long-term program was comparable with that seen in short-term randomized, controlled interventions, suggesting that household chlorination can be an effective long-term water treatment strategy.
自 2002 年以来，Jolivert 安全家庭用水计划一直在海地农村地区销售次氯酸钠溶液（氯）并进行家访。为了评估该计划对腹泻病的影响，我们于 2010 年在 201 名参与者和 425 名随机选择的对照组家庭中进行了调查和水质测试。56%的参与者（而对照组为 10%）的游离氯残留量在 0.2 至 2.0mg/L 之间，表明水处理正确。采用意向治疗分析，我们发现参与者家庭中 5 岁以下儿童在前 48 小时内腹泻发作的比例明显较低（32%对 52%；P<0.001），腹泻的几率降低了 59%（比值比=0.41，95%置信区间=0.21-0.79）。对符合更严格参与验证的参与者进行治疗效果评估表明，该计划对腹泻的影响更大。在这个长期计划中，腹泻病的减少与短期随机对照干预中观察到的减少相当，这表明家庭氯化可以成为一种有效的长期水处理策略。
