Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Feb;82(2):289-300. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0382.
For populations without reliable access to safe drinking water, household water treatment (HWT) provides a means of improving water quality and preventing disease. We extracted data on reported HWT practices from 67 national surveys and reports on the scope of HWT. An estimated 33.0% of the households (1.1 billion people) in these countries report treating their drinking water at home. The practice is widespread in the Western Pacific (66.8%) and Southeast Asia (45.4%) regions, and it is less common in the Eastern Mediterranean (13.6%) and Africa (18.2%). Boiling is the most dominant method with 21.0% of the study households (598 million people) using the method. Despite being at higher risk of waterborne disease because of lower coverage of improved water sources, African and rural households are less likely to practice HWT or use microbiologically adequate methods. Validation of the household surveys and further analysis of these data could help optimize HWT practices.
对于那些无法可靠获得安全饮用水的人群来说，家庭水处理（HWT）提供了一种改善水质和预防疾病的手段。我们从 67 项关于 HWT 范围的国家调查和报告中提取了有关报告的 HWT 实践的数据。这些国家约有 33.0%（11 亿人）的家庭报告在家中处理饮用水。这一做法在西太平洋（66.8%）和东南亚（45.4%）地区非常普遍，而在东地中海（13.6%）和非洲（18.2%）地区则不太常见。煮沸是最主要的方法，有 21.0%的研究家庭（5.98 亿人）使用这种方法。尽管由于改进水源的覆盖范围较低，非洲和农村家庭面临更高的水传播疾病风险，但他们不太可能进行 HWT 或使用微生物学上足够的方法。对家庭调查的验证和对这些数据的进一步分析可以帮助优化 HWT 实践。
