Neligan Patrick J
Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Galway University Hospitals, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2012 Sep;30(3):495-511. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Aug 4.
General anesthesia and surgery are associated with changes in the shape of the chest that result in atelectasis, a major factor in the development of postoperative respiratory failure. Postoperative noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been shown to improve oxygenation and ventilation for high-risk patients. NIPPV has been used as rescue therapy for patients developing acute respiratory distress postoperatively, and appears to be most frequently successful in patients whose problem is atelectasis or obesity. Failure to respond to NIPPV after 20 minutes is usually an indication of intubation, mechanical ventilation, and transfer to the intensive care unit.
全身麻醉和手术会导致胸部形状改变，进而引发肺不张，这是术后呼吸衰竭发生的一个主要因素。术后无创正压通气（NIPPV）已被证明可改善高危患者的氧合和通气。NIPPV已被用作术后发生急性呼吸窘迫患者的抢救治疗方法，并且在问题为肺不张或肥胖的患者中似乎最常取得成功。20分钟后对NIPPV无反应通常表明需要插管、机械通气并转入重症监护病房。
