Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Vet J. 2013 Mar;195(3):373-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.021. Epub 2012 Sep 16.
Athletic performance is both a stress factor and an adaptive response to exercise that may be modulated by training, reduce inflammation and help prevent disease. Studies on the endocrinology of exercise and training have demonstrated the existence of an integrated metabolic network of hormone and cytokine regulation. Subsequent molecular studies have shown that repeated bouts of exercise may establish new basal levels of gene expression at rest. The Thoroughbred horse may be a useful 'exercise model' for inter-individual comparisons between subjects with homogeneous genetic and environmental backgrounds and similar exercise management practices. In this study, the effects of training and acute effort on gene expression were evaluated with a real time PCR approach in athletic (n=10) and sedentary horses (n=9), using a previously characterised panel of genes known to be highly modulated during effort (CXCL2, TLR4, IL1β, IL8, IL1RII, IL18, IL6 and CEBPβ). A 'rest comparison' was performed to evaluate a training effect in both groups while a 'race comparison' was performed in athletic horses only (before, immediately after, and 12h after racing) to determine the effect of acute effort. The results indicated that many of the investigated genes (TLR4, IL1β, IL1RII, IL18, IL6 and CEBPβ) were expressed to a greater extent in athletic horses compared to sedentary animals when both were at rest. However, a time-course comparison in the athletic horses revealed that genes exhibiting the highest levels of expression at rest did not show significant changes after the race. The findings suggested that training may exert a conditioning on gene expression at rest leading to a more prompt response to exercise-induced stress in Thoroughbreds.
运动表现既是运动的应激因素，也是适应反应，可通过训练进行调节，减轻炎症并帮助预防疾病。对运动和训练内分泌的研究表明，激素和细胞因子调节存在一个综合的代谢网络。随后的分子研究表明，反复运动可能会在休息时建立新的基础基因表达水平。纯血马可能是一种有用的“运动模型”，可用于具有同质遗传和环境背景以及相似运动管理实践的个体之间的个体间比较。在这项研究中，使用实时 PCR 方法评估了训练和急性运动对基因表达的影响，研究对象为运动型（n=10）和安静型马（n=9），使用了一组已知在努力过程中高度调节的基因作为特征基因（CXCL2、TLR4、IL1β、IL8、IL1RII、IL18、IL6 和 CEBPβ）。进行了“休息比较”，以评估两组的训练效果，而仅在运动型马中进行了“比赛比较”（比赛前、比赛后立即和比赛后 12 小时），以确定急性运动的影响。结果表明，当安静型和运动型马都处于休息状态时，许多研究的基因（TLR4、IL1β、IL1RII、IL18、IL6 和 CEBPβ）在运动型马中的表达水平要高于安静型马。然而，对运动型马的时间过程比较表明，在休息时表达水平最高的基因在比赛后没有显示出显著变化。研究结果表明，训练可能对休息时的基因表达产生调节作用，从而使纯血马对运动引起的应激产生更迅速的反应。
