Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Nov;14(11):1270-90. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts159. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
The ability of nicotine, the primary psychoactive substance in tobacco smoke, to regulate appetite and body weight is one of the factors cited by smokers that prevents them from quitting and is the primary reason for smoking initiation in teenage girls. The regulation of feeding and metabolism by nicotine is complex, and recent studies have begun to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and circuits or cell types involved in this regulation.
We will briefly describe the primary anatomical and functional features of the input, output, and central integration structures of the neuroendocrine systems that regulate energy homeostasis. Then, we will describe the nAChR subtypes expressed in these structures in mammals to identify the possible molecular targets for nicotine. Finally, we will review the effects of nicotine and its withdrawal on feeding and energy metabolism and attribute them to potential central and peripheral cellular targets.
尼古丁是烟草烟雾中的主要精神活性物质，它调节食欲和体重的能力是阻止吸烟者戒烟的因素之一，也是少女开始吸烟的主要原因。尼古丁对进食和新陈代谢的调节很复杂，最近的研究已经开始确定参与这种调节的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）亚型和回路或细胞类型。
我们将简要描述调节能量平衡的神经内分泌系统的输入、输出和中枢整合结构的主要解剖学和功能特征。然后，我们将描述哺乳动物中这些结构中表达的 nAChR 亚型，以确定尼古丁的可能分子靶标。最后，我们将回顾尼古丁及其戒断对进食和能量代谢的影响，并将其归因于潜在的中枢和外周细胞靶标。
