Strait Dana, Kraus Nina
Northwestern University.
Music Percept. 2011 Dec 1;29(2):133-146. doi: 10.1525/MP.2011.29.2.133.
Human hearing depends on a combination of cognitive and sensory processes that function by means of an interactive circuitry of bottom-up and top-down neural pathways, extending from the cochlea to the cortex and back again. Given that similar neural pathways are recruited to process sounds related to both music and language, it is not surprising that the auditory expertise gained over years of consistent music practice fine-tunes the human auditory system in a comprehensive fashion, strengthening neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of both music and speech processing. In this review we argue not only that common neural mechanisms for speech and music exist, but that experience in music leads to enhancements in sensory and cognitive contributors to speech processing. Of specific interest is the potential for music training to bolster neural mechanisms that undergird language-related skills, such as reading and hearing speech in background noise, which are critical to academic progress, emotional health, and vocational success.
人类的听觉依赖于认知和感觉过程的结合，这些过程通过自下而上和自上而下的神经通路的交互电路发挥作用，从耳蜗延伸到皮层，再返回。鉴于处理音乐和语言相关声音时会调用相似的神经通路，多年持续的音乐练习所获得的听觉专业技能以全面的方式微调人类听觉系统，加强音乐和语音处理的神经生物学和认知基础，这并不奇怪。在这篇综述中，我们不仅认为语音和音乐存在共同的神经机制，而且音乐体验会增强语音处理的感觉和认知因素。特别值得关注的是，音乐训练有可能加强支撑与语言相关技能的神经机制，比如在背景噪音中阅读和听语音，这些技能对学业进步、情绪健康和职业成功至关重要。
