Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Addiction. 2013 Mar;108(3):477-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04088.x. Epub 2012 Nov 1.
A growing body of research suggests that smoking portrayals in movies influence adolescent tobacco use. However, the mechanism for this influence remains unclear. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of research on narrative transportation theory, particularly as applied to movies and smoking. We propose that this theory can provide a valuable framework for guiding research on the role of entertainment media in smoking and other addictive behaviors.
We review empirical work on transportation theory and highlight the psychological mechanisms underlying transportation effects. 'Transportation into narrative worlds' refers to cognitive, emotional and imagery engagement into a narrative (including movies and entertainment media). We link this work with research on the effects of movie smoking.
Research suggests that individuals who are more highly transported into narratives show greater attitude, belief and behavior change. Transportation effects work through reducing counterarguing, creating connections (identification and liking) with characters and increasing perceptions of realism and emotional involvement. We propose several future directions and research challenges for applying a transportation framework to the issue of entertainment media effects on smoking and tobacco disparities. Understanding factors contributing to transportation may provide a more nuanced view of who will be affected by movie smoking, and understanding the psychological processes underlying narrative persuasion may guide intervention efforts.
Narrative transportation theory suggests that individuals' cognitive, emotional and imagery immersion in a narrative is a key mechanism of attitude, belief and behavior change. This theory provides a potentially generative and psychologically grounded framework for increasing knowledge about the boundary conditions and processes underlying the effects of entertainment media on tobacco use.
越来越多的研究表明，电影中的吸烟描绘会影响青少年的烟草使用。然而，这种影响的机制尚不清楚。本文旨在综述叙事迁移理论的研究，特别是将其应用于电影和吸烟。我们提出，该理论可以为娱乐媒体在吸烟和其他成瘾行为中的作用提供有价值的框架。
我们回顾了关于迁移理论的实证工作，并强调了迁移效应背后的心理机制。“叙事世界的迁移”是指对叙事（包括电影和娱乐媒体）的认知、情感和意象参与。我们将这项工作与电影吸烟影响的研究联系起来。
研究表明，更深入地融入叙事的个体表现出更大的态度、信念和行为改变。迁移效应通过减少反驳、与角色建立联系（认同和喜欢）以及增加对现实和情感投入的感知来发挥作用。我们提出了几个未来的方向和研究挑战，以将迁移框架应用于娱乐媒体对吸烟和烟草差异的影响问题。了解导致迁移的因素可以更细致地了解谁会受到电影吸烟的影响，而了解叙事说服背后的心理过程可以指导干预工作。
叙事迁移理论表明，个体在叙事中的认知、情感和意象沉浸是态度、信念和行为改变的关键机制。该理论为增加关于娱乐媒体对烟草使用影响的边界条件和过程的知识提供了一个潜在的生成性和心理基础框架。
