Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2012;66:237-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150126.
Peroxisomes are core eukaryotic organelles that generally function in lipid metabolism and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, but they are increasingly associated with taxa-specific metabolic, cellular, and developmental functions. Here, we present a brief overview of peroxisome assembly, followed by a discussion of their functional diversification. Matrix protein import occurs through a remarkable translocon that can accommodate folded and even oligomeric proteins. Metabolically specialized peroxisomes include glycosomes of trypanosomes, which have come to compartmentalize most of the glycolytic pathway and play a role in developmental signal transduction. The differentiation of physically distinct subcompartments also contributes to peroxisome diversification; in the clade of filamentous ascomycetes, dense-core Woronin bodies bud from peroxisomes to gate cell-to-cell channels. Here, the import of oligomeric cargo is central to the mechanism of subcompartment specification. In general, the acquisition of a tripeptide peroxisome targeting signal by nonperoxisomal proteins appears to be a recurrent step in the evolution of peroxisome diversity.
过氧化物酶体是真核生物的核心细胞器，通常在脂质代谢和活性氧物质解毒中发挥作用，但它们与特定的代谢、细胞和发育功能越来越相关。在这里，我们简要概述了过氧化物酶体的组装，然后讨论了它们的功能多样化。基质蛋白通过一个可以容纳折叠甚至寡聚蛋白的非凡转位体进行导入。代谢特化的过氧化物酶体包括原生动物的糖体，它已经将大多数糖酵解途径分隔开来，并在发育信号转导中发挥作用。物理上不同亚区的分化也促进了过氧化物酶体的多样化；在丝状子囊菌的分支中，致密核心的沃罗宁体从过氧化物体上出芽，形成细胞间通道。在这里，寡聚货物的导入是亚区特异性机制的核心。一般来说，非过氧化物酶体蛋白获得三肽过氧化物酶体靶向信号似乎是过氧化物酶体多样性进化中的一个反复步骤。
