Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8877, USA.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Nov;112(11):1852-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.357. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
African Americans have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than Americans in general and are thus prime targets for efforts to reduce CVD risk. Dietary intake data were obtained from African Americans participating in the Genes, Nutrition, Exercise, Wellness, and Spiritual Growth (GoodNEWS) Trial. The 286 women and 75 men who participated had a mean age of 49 years; 53% had hypertension, 65% had dyslipidemia, and 51% met criteria for metabolic syndrome. Their dietary intakes were compared with American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute nutrition parameters to identify areas for improvement to reduce CVD risk in this group of urban church members in Dallas, TX. Results from administration of the Dietary History Questionnaire indicated median daily intakes of 33.6% of energy from total fat, 10.3% of energy from saturated fat, 171 mg cholesterol, 16.3 g dietary fiber, and 2,453 mg sodium. A beneficial median intake of 2.9 cups fruits and vegetables per day was coupled with only 2.7 oz fish/week and an excessive intake of 13 tsp added sugar/day. These data indicate several changes needed to bring the diets of these individuals--and likely many other urban African Americans--in line with national recommendations, including reduction of saturated fat, sodium, and sugar intake, in addition to increased intake of fatty fish and whole grains. The frequent inclusion of vegetables should be encouraged in ways that promote achievement of recommended intakes of energy, fat, fiber, and sodium.
非裔美国人患心血管疾病（CVD）的发病率高于一般美国人，因此是降低 CVD 风险努力的主要目标。膳食摄入量数据来自参与基因、营养、锻炼、健康和精神成长（GoodNEWS）试验的非裔美国人。参与试验的 286 名女性和 75 名男性的平均年龄为 49 岁；53%患有高血压，65%患有血脂异常，51%符合代谢综合征标准。将他们的饮食摄入量与美国心脏协会和国家心脏、肺和血液研究所的营养参数进行比较，以确定需要改进的领域，从而降低达拉斯市这一群体的城市教会成员的 CVD 风险。饮食史问卷的管理结果表明，总脂肪能量的 33.6%、饱和脂肪能量的 10.3%、胆固醇 171mg、膳食纤维 16.3g 和钠 2453mg 的中位数每日摄入量。有益的中位数每天摄入 2.9 杯水果和蔬菜，同时每周仅摄入 2.7 盎司鱼，每日摄入过多的 13 茶匙添加糖。这些数据表明，需要对这些人的饮食进行一些改变——可能还有许多其他城市的非裔美国人——使其符合国家建议，包括减少饱和脂肪、钠和糖的摄入量，以及增加富含脂肪的鱼类和全谷物的摄入量。应鼓励经常食用蔬菜，以促进实现推荐的能量、脂肪、纤维和钠摄入量。
