Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2012 Oct;28(4):517-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Cocaine, a natural alkaloid derived from the coca plant, is one of the most commonly abused illicit drugs. Cocaine is commonly abused by inhalation, nasal insufflation, and intravenous injection, resulting in many adverse effects that ensue from local anesthetic, vasoconstrictive, sympathomimetic, psychoactive, and prothrombotic mechanisms. Cocaine can affect all body systems and the clinical presentation may primarily result from organ toxicity. Among the most severe complications are seizures, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, rhabdomyolysis, mesenteric ischemia, acute renal injury and multiple organ failure.
可卡因是从古柯植物中提取的一种天然生物碱,是最常被滥用的非法药物之一。可卡因通常通过吸入、鼻腔内吸入和静脉注射滥用,导致许多不良反应,这些不良反应源于局部麻醉、血管收缩、拟交感神经、精神活性和促血栓形成机制。可卡因可以影响所有身体系统,临床表现主要可能源于器官毒性。最严重的并发症包括癫痫发作、出血性和缺血性中风、心肌梗死、主动脉夹层、横纹肌溶解症、肠系膜缺血、急性肾损伤和多器官衰竭。