Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06813 Dessau-Roßlau, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Nov;216(6):633-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
Due to the increased awareness of the ubiquitous contamination of all environmental compartments and of human beings with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), voluntary withdrawals and shifts in products and manufacturing technologies, as well as in regulatory measures, have been made. To investigate whether these activities are reflected in the human exposure to PFASS, we examined human blood archived by the German Environmental Specimen Bank. Plasma samples (n=258, age range 20-29 years) covering the observation period 1982-2010 were analyzed for eleven perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (C4-C14) and five perfluoroalkylsulfonates (C4-C10) by HPLC-MS-MS. We detected perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) most often of all PFASs. Following a sharp increase from 1982 to 1986, median PFOS concentrations remained in the range of 20-24ng/mL until the end of the 1990s. Between 2001 and 2010, PFOS concentrations decreased steadily to 4ng/mL in plasma. Except for a similar strong increase from 1982 to 1986, we observed PFOA concentrations fluctuating between 4.8 and 6.3ng/mL in the following years. Since 2008, ESB data suggest a decreasing trend of PFOA. PFHxS concentrations increased continuously between 1982 and 2001 from about 1-2ng/mL. After nearly unchanged concentrations until 2005, a downward trend of PFHxS in plasma became apparent and in 2010 resulted in levels which were about 20% lower than those observed in the early 1980s. In the case of shorter and longer chained PFASs, quantification frequencies were between 0 and 60% and we found no indication of any temporal trends in human plasma concentrations.
由于人们越来越意识到全环境介质和人类都普遍受到全氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的污染，因此已经采取了自愿撤回和产品及制造技术以及监管措施的转变。为了研究这些活动是否反映在人类对 PFASS 的暴露中，我们检查了德国环境标本库存档的人类血液。通过 HPLC-MS-MS 分析了涵盖 1982-2010 年观察期的 258 名年龄在 20-29 岁之间的血浆样本中的 11 种全氟烷基羧酸 (C4-C14) 和 5 种全氟烷基磺酸盐 (C4-C10)。在所检测的所有 PFAS 中，我们最常检测到全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)、全氟辛烷酸 (PFOA) 和全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS)。1982 年至 1986 年期间，PFOS 浓度急剧上升，此后中位数浓度一直保持在 20-24ng/mL 之间，直到 90 年代末。2001 年至 2010 年间，PFOS 浓度稳步下降至 4ng/mL。除了 1982 年至 1986 年期间类似的急剧增加外，我们还观察到在接下来的几年中 PFOA 浓度在 4.8 至 6.3ng/mL 之间波动。自 2008 年以来，ESB 数据表明 PFOA 呈下降趋势。1982 年至 2001 年间，PFHxS 浓度连续增加，从约 1-2ng/mL 增加至约 2-3ng/mL。2005 年之前浓度几乎不变后，PFHxS 在血浆中的下降趋势变得明显，2010 年的浓度比 80 年代初观察到的水平低约 20%。对于较短和较长链的 PFAS，定量频率在 0%和 60%之间，我们没有发现人类血浆浓度存在任何时间趋势的迹象。
