Midasch Oliver, Schettgen Thomas, Angerer Jürgen
Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Nov;209(6):489-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.06.002. Epub 2006 Jul 26.
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) are used in a wide variety of consumer products. Major fields of application include surfactants, surface protection (e.g., for textiles, carpets, and upholstery), paper treatment (e.g., for food packages), and lubricants. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are raw materials or manufacturing aids for some PFCs and can be released of those by biotic and/or metabolic decomposition. Due to their widespread use, persistence and bioaccumulative properties they are taken up by the general population from different sources. This might be a problem for environmental medicine because in animal studies PFOS and PFOA provoked various types of cancer and showed developmental toxic potential besides other adverse health effects. We determined the PFOS and PFOA plasma concentrations of 105 non-smokers out of the German general population as a first estimate of the exposure situation in Germany. We employed an analytical method based on serum protein precipitation followed by HPLC with MS/MS-detection. The median plasma concentrations of all participants were 22.3 and 6.8microg/l, the 95th percentiles 54.3 and 14.6microg/l for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. These values are comparable with those of other biomonitoring studies. In our study, men were higher burdened both with PFOS (median: 27.1 vs. 19.9microg/l) and PFOA (median: 8.3 vs. 5.8microg/l) than women. No significant influence of age on PFOS and PFOA plasma concentrations could be observed. A strong correlation (r=0.82) between PFOS and PFOA plasma levels indicates the same exposure sources. The ubiquitous internal exposure of the general population to PFOS and PFOA must lead to further activities primarily regarding clarification of sources, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and health effects.
全氟化合物（PFCs）被广泛应用于各类消费品中。主要应用领域包括表面活性剂、表面保护（如用于纺织品、地毯和室内装饰品）、纸张处理（如用于食品包装）以及润滑剂。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）是一些PFCs的原材料或生产助剂，可通过生物和/或代谢分解从这些物质中释放出来。由于它们的广泛使用、持久性和生物累积特性，普通人群可从不同来源摄入这些物质。这可能给环境医学带来问题，因为在动物研究中，PFOS和PFOA除了会产生其他不良健康影响外，还引发了各种类型的癌症并显示出发育毒性潜力。我们测定了德国普通人群中105名不吸烟者的PFOS和PFOA血浆浓度，作为对德国暴露情况的初步估计。我们采用了一种基于血清蛋白沉淀，随后进行HPLC与MS/MS检测的分析方法。所有参与者的血浆浓度中位数分别为PFOS 22.3μg/l和PFOA 6.8μg/l，第95百分位数分别为54.3μg/l和14.6μg/l。这些值与其他生物监测研究的值相当。在我们的研究中，男性的PFOS（中位数：27.1μg/l对19.9μg/l）和PFOA（中位数：8.3μg/l对5.8μg/l）负担均高于女性。未观察到年龄对PFOS和PFOA血浆浓度有显著影响。PFOS和PFOA血浆水平之间存在强相关性（r = 0.82），表明暴露来源相同。普通人群对PFOS和PFOA普遍的体内暴露必然会引发进一步的活动，主要涉及来源澄清、代谢、药代动力学和健康影响方面。
