INSERM, U1018, CESP Centre for research in epidemiology and population health, Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health team, Villejuif, France.
Eur J Public Health. 2013 Aug;23(4):622-9. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks124. Epub 2012 Sep 23.
The studies on the associations between psychosocial work factors and sickness absence have rarely included a large number of factors and European data. The objective was to examine the associations between a large set of psychosocial work factors following well-known and emergent concepts and sickness absence in Europe.
The study population consisted of 14,881 male and 14,799 female workers in 31 countries from the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey. Psychosocial work factors included the following: decision latitude, psychological demands, social support, physical violence, sexual harassment, discrimination, bullying, long working hours, shift and night work, job insecurity, job promotion and work-life imbalance. Covariates were as follows: age, occupation, economic activity, employee/self-employed status and physical, chemical, biological and biomechanical exposures. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel negative binomial hurdle models to study the occurrence and duration of sickness absence.
In the models, including all psychosocial work factors together and adjustment for covariates, high psychological demands, discrimination, bullying, low-job promotion and work-life imbalance for both genders and physical violence for women were observed as risk factors of the occurrence of sickness absence. Bullying and shift work increased the duration of absence among women. Bullying had the strongest association with sickness absence.
Various psychosocial work factors were found to be associated with sickness absence. A less conservative analysis exploring each factor separately provided a still higher number of risk factors. Preventive measures should take psychosocial work environment more comprehensively into account to reduce sickness absence and improve health at work at European level.
很少有研究将大量的心理社会工作因素与缺勤联系起来，并且这些研究也没有涉及到欧洲的数据。本研究的目的是检验欧洲范围内，遵循知名和新兴概念的大量心理社会工作因素与缺勤之间的关联。
研究人群包括来自 31 个国家的 14881 名男性和 14799 名女性，他们参加了 2005 年欧洲工作条件调查。心理社会工作因素包括决策自主权、心理需求、社会支持、身体暴力、性骚扰、歧视、欺凌、工作时间长、轮班和夜班工作、工作不安全感、工作晋升和工作与生活失衡。协变量包括年龄、职业、经济活动、员工/自雇身份以及物理、化学、生物和生物力学暴露。使用多层次负二项式障碍模型进行统计分析，以研究缺勤的发生和持续时间。
在包括所有心理社会工作因素并调整协变量的模型中，对于男性和女性，高心理需求、歧视、欺凌、晋升机会少和工作与生活失衡以及女性的身体暴力被观察到是缺勤发生的危险因素。欺凌和轮班工作增加了女性的缺勤持续时间。欺凌与缺勤的关联最强。
各种心理社会工作因素与缺勤有关。对每个因素分别进行更不保守的分析，发现了更多的危险因素。预防措施应更全面地考虑心理社会工作环境，以减少欧洲层面的缺勤率并改善工作健康。
