Levendosky Alytia A, Lannert Brittany, Yalch Matthew
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Psychodyn Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;40(3):397-433. doi: 10.1521/pdps.2012.40.3.397.
Approximately 25% of women in the United States report having experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in an adult relationship with a male partner. For affected women, IPV has been shown to increase the risk of psychopathology such as depression, anxiety, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Further, studies suggest that the risk of IPV (victimization or perpetration) may be carried intergenerationally, and children exposed to IPV are at a greater risk of both attachment insecurity and internalizing/externalizing problems. The authors employ an attachment perspective to describe how insecure/non-balanced working models of the relational self and others may be evoked by, elicit, or exacerbate maladaptive outcomes following experiences of IPV for mothers and their children. This article draws on both rich theory and empirical evidence in a discussion of attachment patterns in violent relationships, psychopathological outcomes for exposed women, disruptions in the caregiving relationship that may confer risk to children of exposed mothers, and the biological, social, and attachment risk factors for children exposed to IPV. A clinical case example is presented and discussed in the context of attachment theory.
在美国，约25%的女性报告称在与男性伴侣的成年关系中曾遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。对于受影响的女性而言，亲密伴侣暴力已被证明会增加患精神病理学疾病的风险，如抑郁症、焦虑症以及创伤后应激症状。此外，研究表明亲密伴侣暴力（成为受害者或施暴者）的风险可能会在代际间传递，接触过亲密伴侣暴力的儿童出现依恋不安全感以及内化/外化问题的风险更高。作者运用依恋视角来描述在经历亲密伴侣暴力后，母亲及其子女关系自我和他人不安全/不平衡的工作模式如何被唤起、引发或加剧适应不良的后果。本文在讨论暴力关系中的依恋模式、受影响女性的精神病理学后果、可能给受影响母亲的子女带来风险的养育关系中断以及接触亲密伴侣暴力的儿童的生物学、社会和依恋风险因素时，借鉴了丰富的理论和实证证据。文中呈现并结合依恋理论讨论了一个临床案例。
