Nowak Stefan, Schadschneider Andreas
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Jun;85(6 Pt 2):066128. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.066128. Epub 2012 Jun 21.
Pedestrian dynamics exhibits various collective phenomena. Here, we study bidirectional pedestrian flow in a floor field cellular automaton model. Under certain conditions, lane formation is observed. Although it has often been studied qualitatively, e.g., as a test for the realism of a model, there are almost no quantitative results, either empirically or theoretically. As basis for a quantitative analysis, we introduce an order parameter which is adopted from the analysis of colloidal suspensions. This allows us to determine a phase diagram for the system where four different states (free flow, disorder, lanes, gridlock) can be distinguished. Although the number of lanes formed is fluctuating, lanes are characterized by a typical density. It is found that the basic floor field model overestimates the tendency towards a gridlock compared to experimental bounds. Therefore, an anticipation mechanism is introduced which reduces the jamming probability.
行人动力学表现出各种集体现象。在此，我们在一个地板场元胞自动机模型中研究双向行人流。在某些条件下，可以观察到车道形成。尽管它经常被定性研究，例如作为对模型现实性的一种检验，但无论是从经验上还是理论上，几乎都没有定量结果。作为定量分析的基础，我们引入一个从胶体悬浮液分析中采用的序参量。这使我们能够确定该系统的相图，其中可以区分出四种不同状态（自由流动、无序、车道、拥堵）。尽管形成的车道数量会波动，但车道具有典型的密度特征。结果发现，与实验范围相比，基本的地板场模型高估了拥堵的趋势。因此，引入了一种预期机制来降低堵塞概率。
