Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Addict Behav. 2013 Jan;38(1):1424-30. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.024. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
The objective of this study was to investigate abuse conditions of new-type drugs for users who are seeking treatment, gender differences, and differences between the amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) users and mixed amphetamine-type stimulants and ketamine (ATS+K) poly-drug users. A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with a final diagnosis of the substance use disorder according to the Diagnoses and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) who underwent treatment for exposure to new-type drugs at the mental health center of the West China Hospital from March 2009 to May 2011. A questionnaire was used to collect information about socio-demographics, drug abuse conditions and psychiatric co-morbidities. Male subjects were older (p=0.026), had low level education (p=0.003), were less previously married (p<0.001), were more likely to be employed and to hold higher status jobs (p=0.007); 77.1% of subjects had a psychotic disorder, 28.0% of subjects had a mood disorder, 39.7% had an anxiety disorder, and 45.0% had a cognitive impairment disorder. More men used methamphetamine MA (p<0.001), tobacco (p=0.014) and more than one drug substance (p=0.004) compared to women; women were more vulnerable to mood disorders (p=0.034) than men. For the males, the ATS+K patients were more likely to use 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA (p<0.001) and develop more psychotic disorders (p=0.04) than the ATS patients; for females, the ATS+K patients were more likely to use MDMA (p=0.002), alcohol (p=0.014) and develop more cognitive impairment disorder (p=0.034). The present study found that the new-type drug patients have a high degree of psychiatric morbidities; more men were using MA, tobacco and multi-substance and more women patients experience mood disorder in the gender differences. For the males, the ATS+K patients were more likely to use MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and develop more psychotic disorders than the ATS patients; for females, the ATS+K patients were more likely to use MDMA, alcohol and develop more cognitive impairment disorder. These results suggested that the psychiatrists should focus on the mood disorder among females, psychotic disorders among males who abuse ATS and ketamine, and cognitive impairment disorder for the females who abuse ATS and ketamine.
本研究旨在调查寻求治疗的新型毒品使用者的滥用情况、性别差异以及苯丙胺类兴奋剂（ATS）使用者与混合苯丙胺类兴奋剂和氯胺酮（ATS+K）多药使用者之间的差异。对 2009 年 3 月至 2011 年 5 月在华西医院心理健康中心接受新型毒品暴露治疗的根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版》（DSM-IV）诊断为物质使用障碍的患者进行回顾性分析。使用问卷收集社会人口统计学、药物滥用情况和精神共病信息。男性受试者年龄较大（p=0.026），受教育程度较低（p=0.003），已婚比例较低（p<0.001），更可能就业且担任较高职位（p=0.007）；77.1%的受试者患有精神病性障碍，28.0%的受试者患有心境障碍，39.7%的受试者患有焦虑障碍，45.0%的受试者患有认知障碍。与女性相比，更多的男性使用甲基苯丙胺（MA）（p<0.001）、烟草（p=0.014）和多种药物（p=0.004）；女性比男性更容易患心境障碍（p=0.034）。对于男性，ATS+K 患者比 ATS 患者更有可能使用 3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）（p<0.001）和出现更多精神病性障碍（p=0.04）；对于女性，ATS+K 患者比 ATS 患者更有可能使用 MDMA（p=0.002）、酒精（p=0.014）和出现更多认知障碍（p=0.034）。本研究发现，新型毒品患者有较高程度的精神疾病；男性更倾向于使用 MA、烟草和多种物质，而女性患者更倾向于出现心境障碍。对于男性，ATS+K 患者比 ATS 患者更有可能使用 MDMA（3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺）并出现更多精神病性障碍；对于女性，ATS+K 患者比 ATS 患者更有可能使用 MDMA、酒精并出现更多认知障碍。这些结果表明，精神科医生应关注女性中的心境障碍、男性中的 ATS 和氯胺酮滥用中的精神病性障碍，以及女性中的 ATS 和氯胺酮滥用中的认知障碍。
