Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health and Applied Science, Polytechnic of Namibia, Windhoek, Private Bag 13388, 13 Storch Street, Windhoek, Namibia.
Acta Trop. 2013 Jan;125(1):1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are diseases most commonly found in settings of poverty and are responsible for the morbidity and/or mortality of millions each year. As an upper-middle income country, Namibia is not normally considered to have many NTDs but published reports indicate the possible presence of over 30. Because much of the data is buried in historical studies published before Independence in 1990, there is a risk of losing valuable information on which to build current and future integrated public health strategies. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to bring together these significant fragments to identify existing knowledge gaps which need to be addressed to build effective control, prevention, and even elimination strategies. The review focuses on intestinal helminthes, schistosomes/snail 'vectors', viruses (Rift Valley Fever, Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, rabies), protozoa (Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Amoeba, Giardia), bacteria (Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Leptospira, Coxiella, Brucella, and Borrelia), fungi (Pneumocystis) and myiasis. Each NTD speaks to the possible need for surveillance and the creation of integrated disease risk maps, linking prevalence of related NTDs with environmental and ecological factors to assist control and prevention efforts. The predominance of zoonotic disease suggests a need to integrate veterinary and public health components as the national public health surveillance system is established.
被忽视的热带病（NTDs）是最常见于贫困环境中的疾病，每年导致数百万人患病和/或死亡。纳米比亚作为一个中上收入国家，通常被认为没有许多 NTDs，但已发表的报告表明可能存在超过 30 种 NTDs。由于大部分数据都埋藏在独立前（1990 年）发表的历史研究中，因此存在失去宝贵信息的风险，这些信息对于制定当前和未来的综合公共卫生策略至关重要。因此，本次审查的目的是将这些重要的片段汇集起来，确定需要解决的现有知识差距，以制定有效的控制、预防甚至消除策略。本次审查重点关注肠道蠕虫、血吸虫/蜗牛“媒介”、病毒（裂谷热、克里米亚刚果出血热、狂犬病）、原生动物（利什曼原虫、弓形虫、阿米巴、贾第虫）、细菌（立克次体、埃立克体、钩端螺旋体、柯克斯体、布鲁氏菌和伯氏疏螺旋体）、真菌（卡氏肺孢子虫）和蝇蛆病。每种 NTD 都表明可能需要进行监测，并创建综合疾病风险图，将相关 NTD 的流行情况与环境和生态因素联系起来，以协助控制和预防工作。人畜共患病的流行表明，在建立国家公共卫生监测系统时，需要整合兽医和公共卫生部分。
