Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2012 Dec;113(4):510-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Sep 23.
Episodic memory is defined as the ability to recall specific past events located in a particular time and place. Over the preschool and into the school years, there are clear developmental changes in memory for when events took place. In contrast, little is known about developmental changes in memory for where events were experienced. In the current research, we tested 4-, 6-, and 8-year-old children's memories for specific laboratory events, each of which was experienced in a unique location. We also tested the children's memories for the conjunction of the events and their locations. Age-related differences were observed in all three types of memory (event, location, and conjunction of event and location), with the most pronounced differences being in memory for conjunctions of events and their locations. The results have implications for our understanding of the development of episodic memory, including suggestions of protracted development of the ability to contextualize events in their spatial locations.
情景记忆被定义为回忆特定过去事件的能力，这些事件位于特定的时间和地点。在学龄前和上学期间，记忆事件发生的时间会发生明显的发展变化。相比之下，对于记忆事件发生的地点的发展变化知之甚少。在当前的研究中，我们测试了 4 岁、6 岁和 8 岁儿童对特定实验室事件的记忆，每个事件都发生在一个独特的地点。我们还测试了儿童对事件及其地点的结合的记忆。在所有三种类型的记忆（事件、地点和事件及其地点的结合）中都观察到了与年龄相关的差异，其中最明显的差异是对事件及其地点结合的记忆。研究结果对我们理解情景记忆的发展具有启示意义，包括对在空间位置上对事件进行语境化的能力的发展提出了更长时间的建议。
