Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, 43015, Delaware, Ohio.
Mem Cognit. 1974 May;2(3):484-90. doi: 10.3758/BF03196909.
The relative importance of various covert cues used in free recall is inferred on the basis of conditional probabilities of free recall given success vs failure of cued recall of the same material. Thirty-six names associated with pictures arranged in a 6 by 6 matrix were learned. A free recall test of names was followed by cued recall of names, with pictures, positions, or joint pictures and positions used as cues. Matching tests based on these cues were also administered. The tests were given at one of two stages of training, immediately or after 2 days. Pictorial and position cues are equally well encoded, but pictorial cues are less accessible and, therefore, relatively more useful in cued recall than in free recall. Position and pictorial information related to the names appears to be encoded and forgotten independently, and there is no evidence for summation of subthreshold encoding effect.
根据提示回忆成功和失败条件下自由回忆的条件概率，可以推断出在自由回忆中使用的各种隐藏线索的相对重要性。学习了 36 个与排列在 6x6 矩阵中的图片相关的名字。在名字的自由回忆测试之后，进行了名字的提示回忆测试，使用图片、位置或图片和位置的组合作为提示。还进行了基于这些提示的匹配测试。这些测试是在训练的两个阶段之一进行的，即立即进行或在 2 天后进行。图片和位置提示的编码效果相当，但图片提示的可及性较低，因此在提示回忆中比在自由回忆中更有用。与名字相关的位置和图片信息似乎是独立编码和遗忘的，没有证据表明阈下编码效应的叠加。
