Department of Orthopaedic Surgery-Pediatric Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.
Sports Health. 2012 Mar;4(2):128-38. doi: 10.1177/1941738111434406.
Fatigue and underperformance are common in athletes. Understanding overtraining syndrome (OTS) is helpful in the evaluation, management, and education of athletes.
Relevant articles in English were searched with OVID (1948-2011) and PubMed using the following keywords: overtraining syndrome, overtraining, overreaching, unexplained underperformance, staleness, pathophysiology, management, treatment, evaluation. Bibliographies were reviewed for additional resources.
OTS appears to be a maladapted response to excessive exercise without adequate rest, resulting in perturbations of multiple body systems (neurologic, endocrinologic, immunologic) coupled with mood changes. Many hypotheses of OTS pathogenesis are reviewed, and a clinical approach to athletes with possible OTS (including history, testing, and prevention) is presented.
OTS remains a clinical diagnosis with arbitrary definitions per the European College of Sports Science's position statement. History and, in most situations, limited serologies are helpful. However, much remains to be learned given that most past research has been on athletes with overreaching rather than OTS.
疲劳和表现不佳在运动员中很常见。了解过度训练综合征（OTS）有助于运动员的评估、管理和教育。
使用 OVID（1948-2011）和 PubMed 在英语中搜索相关文章，使用以下关键词：过度训练综合征、过度训练、过度训练、原因不明的表现不佳、厌倦、病理生理学、管理、治疗、评估。审查了参考书目以获取其他资源。
OTS 似乎是一种对过度运动没有充分休息的适应性反应，导致多个身体系统（神经、内分泌、免疫）紊乱以及情绪变化。审查了许多 OTS 发病机制的假设，并提出了一种对可能患有 OTS 的运动员的临床方法（包括病史、检查和预防）。
OTS 仍然是一个临床诊断，欧洲运动科学学院的立场声明对其有任意的定义。病史，在大多数情况下，有限的血清学检查是有帮助的。然而，鉴于过去的大多数研究都是针对过度训练而不是 OTS 的运动员，还有很多需要了解。
