Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
J Histochem Cytochem. 2012 Dec;60(12):885-97. doi: 10.1369/0022155412464638. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
Proteoglycans comprise a core protein to which one or more glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. Although a small number of proteins have the capacity to be glycanated and become proteoglycans, it is now realized that these macromolecules have a range of functions, dependent on type and in vivo location, and have important roles in invertebrate and vertebrate development, maintenance, and tissue repair. Many biologically potent small proteins can bind glycosaminoglycan chains as a key part of their function in the extracellular matrix, at the cell surface, and also in some intracellular locations. Therefore, the participation of proteoglycans in disease is receiving increased attention. In this short review, proteoglycan structure, function, and localizations are summarized, with reference to accompanying reviews in this issue as well as other recent literature. Included are some remarks on proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan localization techniques, with reference to the special physicochemical properties of these complex molecules.
蛋白聚糖由核心蛋白和一个或多个糖胺聚糖链通过共价键连接而成。虽然只有少数蛋白具有糖基化并成为蛋白聚糖的能力，但现在人们已经意识到，这些大分子具有多种功能，取决于其类型和体内位置，并在无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的发育、维持和组织修复中发挥重要作用。许多具有生物活性的小蛋白可以与糖胺聚糖链结合，作为其在细胞外基质、细胞表面以及某些细胞内位置功能的关键部分。因此，蛋白聚糖在疾病中的作用越来越受到关注。在这篇简短的综述中，总结了蛋白聚糖的结构、功能和定位，并参考了本期的相关综述以及其他近期文献。文中还提到了一些关于蛋白聚糖和糖胺聚糖定位技术的注意事项，参考了这些复杂分子的特殊物理化学性质。
