Carver Charles S, Harmon-Jones Eddie
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2009 Mar;135(2):183-204. doi: 10.1037/a0013965.
The authors review a range of evidence concerning the motivational underpinnings of anger as an affect, with particular reference to the relationship between anger and anxiety or fear. The evidence supports the view that anger relates to an appetitive or approach motivational system, whereas anxiety relates to an aversive or avoidance motivational system. This evidence appears to have 2 implications. One implication concerns the nature of anterior cortical asymmetry effects. The evidence suggests that such asymmetry reflects direction of motivational engagement (approach vs. withdrawal) rather than affective valence. The other implication concerns the idea that affects form a purely positive dimension and a purely negative dimension, which reflect the operation of appetitive and aversive motivational systems, respectively. The evidence reviewed does not support that view. The evidence is, however, consistent with a discrete-emotions view (which does not rely on dimensionality) and with an alternative dimensional approach.
作者回顾了一系列关于愤怒作为一种情感的动机基础的证据，特别提及了愤怒与焦虑或恐惧之间的关系。证据支持这样一种观点，即愤怒与一种追求性或趋近性动机系统相关，而焦虑与一种厌恶性或回避性动机系统相关。这一证据似乎有两个含义。一个含义涉及前额叶皮质不对称效应的本质。证据表明，这种不对称反映的是动机参与的方向（趋近与退缩）而非情感效价。另一个含义涉及这样一种观点，即情感形成一个纯粹的积极维度和一个纯粹的消极维度，分别反映追求性和厌恶性动机系统的运作。所回顾的证据并不支持这一观点。然而，该证据与离散情绪观（不依赖于维度）以及另一种维度方法是一致的。
