Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Intern Med J. 2012 Oct;42 Suppl 5:46-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02902.x.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Uncertainty exists about what dietary component is most likely to cause coronary heart disease. Over the last thirty years, attention has focused on saturated fat and salt as guilty parties. More recently, evidence suggests that excess sugar intake is more likely than either traditional factor to lead to atherosclerotic disease. Some researchers have also speculated that sugar is addictive, in a similar manner to caffeine and established drugs of abuse.
Here we review the epidemiological, biochemical and psychological evidence that implicates excess sugar intake as an important cause of ill-health.
We found relatively consistent evidence of association between markers of sugar intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or the disease itself. This evidence contrasted with rather weaker evidence which linked either saturated fat or salt with cardiovascular disease endpoints. We also found some evidence of a sugar addiction syndrome.
We suggest that advice to restrict sugar intake should be a routine part of clinical care, particularly when patients are being counselled about cardiovascular risk.
背景/目的：目前尚不确定哪种饮食成分最有可能导致冠心病。在过去的三十年中，人们一直关注饱和脂肪和盐是罪魁祸首。最近的证据表明，过量摄入糖比传统因素更有可能导致动脉粥样硬化疾病。一些研究人员还推测，糖类似于咖啡因和已被滥用的药物一样具有成瘾性。
在这里，我们回顾了将过量摄入糖与不健康状况的重要原因联系起来的流行病学、生化和心理证据。
我们发现，糖摄入量的标志物与心血管疾病的危险因素或疾病本身之间存在相对一致的关联证据。与将饱和脂肪或盐与心血管疾病终点联系起来的证据相比，这种证据较弱。我们还发现了一些糖成瘾综合征的证据。
我们建议，限制糖摄入量的建议应成为临床护理的常规内容，特别是在向患者提供心血管风险咨询时。
