Cooper L D, Aronson L, Balsam P D, Gibbon J
New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1990 Jan;16(1):14-26.
In the random control procedure, responding to a conditioned stimulus (target CS) is prevented when the probability of unsignaled, unconditioned stimuli (USs) in the intertrial interval (ITI) is equal to the probability of the US in the presence of the target CS. Three experiments used an autoshaping procedure with White Carneaux pigeons to examine the effects of the temporal duration of signals for the ITI USs (cover CSs) and for concomitant periods of nonreinforcement. In Experiment 1, a short duration cover, but not a long duration cover, resulted in responding to the target CS. In Experiment 2, an explicit CS- cue during periods of nonreinforcement did not affect target acquisition. In Experiment 3, a long CS-, but not a short cover CS, was a sufficient condition for the acquisition of responding to the target CS. These results imply that the acquisition of responding to a target CS requires a discriminable period of nonreinforcement that is long relative to the target CS duration.
在随机控制程序中，当试间间隔（ITI）内无信号的无条件刺激（USs）出现的概率等于目标条件刺激（CS）出现时US出现的概率时，对条件刺激（目标CS）的反应会受到抑制。三个实验采用对怀特卡诺鸽的自动塑造程序，以检验ITI中USs（覆盖CSs）的信号持续时间以及伴随的非强化期的影响。在实验1中，短持续时间的覆盖而非长持续时间的覆盖导致对目标CS的反应。在实验2中，非强化期的明确CS提示不影响目标习得。在实验3中，长的CS而非短的覆盖CS是习得对目标CS反应的充分条件。这些结果表明，习得对目标CS的反应需要一段相对于目标CS持续时间较长的可辨别非强化期。
