Durlach P J
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1983 Oct;9(4):374-89.
Context-unconditioned-stimulus (US) associations have been suggested as the mediator of the response decrement that occurs when extra USs are added to the intertrial intervals (ITIs) of an otherwise standard Pavlovian conditioning situation. The present autoshaping experiments were concerned with the effect of signaling those extra USs, since such signaling might be expected to lessen their ability to condition the context. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that signaling the ITI USs did reduce their detrimental effects on responding to the conditioned stimulus (CS). To determine whether that reduction was due to an impact of signaling on the target-CS-US association or on performance to the target-CS, Experiment 3 examined responding to differentially trained CSs in a common context, as well as responding to identically trained CSs in differentially trained contexts. Whether the CS was tested in a context of relatively high or low associative strength, more responding occurred to the CS trained with signaled, as compared with unsignaled, ITI USs; further, there was more responding to that CS in the more highly valued context. The pattern of results suggests that contextual value does interact with CS-US learning and may also affect performance to the CS.
背景无条件刺激（US）关联被认为是当在原本标准的巴甫洛夫条件作用情境的试验间隔（ITIs）中添加额外的US时所发生的反应递减的中介因素。当前的自动塑造实验关注的是对那些额外US进行信号提示的效果，因为这样的信号提示可能会降低它们对背景进行条件作用的能力。实验1和实验2表明，对ITI US进行信号提示确实会降低它们对条件刺激（CS）反应的不利影响。为了确定这种降低是由于信号提示对目标CS-US关联的影响还是对目标CS表现的影响，实验3考察了在共同背景下对差异训练的CS的反应，以及在差异训练的背景下对相同训练的CS的反应。无论CS是在关联强度相对较高还是较低的背景下进行测试，与未进行信号提示的ITI US训练的CS相比，对进行了信号提示的ITI US训练的CS有更多的反应；此外，在更有价值的背景下对该CS有更多的反应。结果模式表明，背景价值确实会与CS-US学习相互作用，也可能会影响对CS的表现。
