Department of Prehistory, National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7194 CNRS, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France.
J Hum Evol. 2012 Nov;63(5):653-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
The sequence of Orgnac 3 in southern Europe is dated to MIS 9 and the beginning of MIS 8. The site contains records of Upper Acheulian occupations with evidence of Middle Palaeolithic technological strategies at the top of the sequence. In order to address the question of gradual versus punctuated changes in the onset of the Middle Palaeolithic, nine criteria on subsistence strategies and technological behaviour were selected throughout the whole stratigraphic sequence to describe behavioural patterns. Results indicate a mosaic of changes in hominin subsistence and technical behaviour and attest to both gradual and punctuated changes over time. For the most part, they cannot be explained by environmental factors such as site formation processes or climatic transitions. Thus, behavioural change at Orgnac 3 may be interpreted as 'multifaceted,' with a combination of gradual and punctuated shifts by hominins inhabiting the area. Orgnac 3 may be considered as a 'key-site' for understanding the basis of the Neanderthal material world and possibly the onset of clearly differentiated traditions in Neanderthal populations.
欧洲南部的奥尔尼亚克 3 号遗址的年代可追溯到中石器时代 9 期和 8 期的早期。该遗址包含了旧石器时代晚期阿舍利文化时期的居住记录，在序列的顶部有中石器时代技术策略的证据。为了解决中石器时代开始时是渐变还是间断变化的问题，我们在整个地层序列中选择了九个关于生计策略和技术行为的标准，以描述行为模式。结果表明，人类在生计和技术行为上存在多种变化，表明随着时间的推移，发生了渐变和间断变化。在大多数情况下，这些变化不能用环境因素（如遗址形成过程或气候转变）来解释。因此，奥尔尼亚克 3 号遗址的行为变化可以被解释为“多方面的”，居住在该地区的人类既有渐变也有间断的转变。奥尔尼亚克 3 号遗址可以被视为理解尼安德特人物质世界基础的“关键遗址”，也可能是尼安德特人群体中明显分化传统的开始。
