Abteilung für Pneumologie, Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik I, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Dec;33(6):630-44. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1326961. Epub 2012 Oct 9.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting up to 10% of all women of child-bearing age. In most patients asthma can be safely treated during pregnancy. However, asthma crises or exacerbations during pregnancy can be life threatening to both the mother and the child. Uncontrolled asthma has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and adverse effects to the fetus (eg, prematurity, low birth weight, increased risk of congenital malformations). Impaired oxygenation during asthma crisis in pregnancy is a major concern. Aggressive treatment of asthma during pregnancy, including the use of systemic corticosteroids if necessary, has been advocated to achieve asthma control and to avoid attacks. Pregnant asthmatics require regular and intensified monitoring. National and international guidelines recommend that antiasthmatic treatment should be maintained and intensified if necessary for the well-being of both the mother and the unborn child. Although there is consensus that the potential risks of uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy outweigh the potential risks of antiasthmatic medications the use of the lowest doses possible to achieve and maintain asthma control is recommended.
哮喘是一种慢性炎症性疾病，影响多达 10%的育龄妇女。在大多数患者中，哮喘可以在怀孕期间安全治疗。然而，哮喘危象或加重在怀孕期间可能对母亲和孩子都有生命威胁。未得到控制的哮喘与不良妊娠结局和对胎儿的不良影响（如早产、低出生体重、先天畸形风险增加）有关。怀孕期间哮喘危象期间的氧气供应不足是一个主要关注点。提倡在怀孕期间积极治疗哮喘，包括必要时使用全身皮质类固醇，以实现哮喘控制并避免发作。孕妇哮喘患者需要定期和强化监测。国家和国际指南建议，如果为了母亲和未出生孩子的健康需要，应维持和加强抗哮喘治疗。尽管人们普遍认为怀孕期间未得到控制的哮喘的潜在风险大于抗哮喘药物的潜在风险，但建议使用尽可能低的剂量来实现和维持哮喘控制。
