Cercato M C, Nagore E, Ramazzotti V, Sperduti I, Guillén C
Department of Epidemiology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
J Cancer Educ. 2013 Mar;28(1):151-7. doi: 10.1007/s13187-012-0413-5.
Excessive sun exposure, mainly in childhood, represents one of the major skin cancer risk factors. Sun protection habits should start early in life to be effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitude and sun protection behaviour in parents (P) and in their children (C). The educational intervention addressed the parents of 131 primary school pupils in Valencia, Spain, during the school year 2007-2008. A self-administered pre- and post-intervention questionnaire was handed in during school hours to be filled in by parents. Parents' compliance was very high (88 %). At baseline, regular high-sun-protective-factor (>15) sunscreen use was common (P, 64 %; C, 95 %); wearing clothing (T-shirt: P, 34 %, C, 62 %; hat: P, 29 %, C, 64 %) and sun avoidance at midday (P, 23 %; C, 29 %) were less frequent. Almost 70 % of parents reported difficulties, mainly due to the children's refusal. A high knowledge score (median, 6/7) and a medium/high attitude score (median, 24/30) in parents were observed; however, lifetime sunburn history was generally reported (P, 88 %; C, 24 %). Factors associated with parents' knowledge were a personal history of sunburns and regularly repeating sunscreen application to children (median score: 6 vs 5; p ≤ 0.01) Predictors of a more favourable attitude were female caretakers and having daughters (median score: 30 vs 25 and 25 vs 24, respectively; p ≤ 0.01). A trend towards limited post-intervention positive changes emerged; however, sun avoidance habit decreased (35 vs 20 %, p = 0.01). Despite a high level of parents' knowledge, sun protection in children is not adequate, and sunburns are not uncommon. Unfavourable beliefs and attitudes need to be overcome and quality of messages improved to achieve sun-safe exposure in children.
过度暴露于阳光下，主要是在儿童时期，是皮肤癌的主要危险因素之一。防晒习惯应在生命早期就开始养成，才会有效。本研究的目的是调查父母及其子女对防晒知识、态度和行为。在2007 - 2008学年，对西班牙巴伦西亚131名小学生的家长进行了教育干预。一份自我填写的干预前后问卷在上学时间交给家长填写。家长的依从性非常高（88%）。在基线时，经常使用高防晒系数（>15）的防晒霜很常见（家长为64%；儿童为95%）；穿衣服（T恤：家长为34%，儿童为62%；帽子：家长为29%，儿童为64%）以及中午避免日晒（家长为23%；儿童为29%）的情况较少见。近70%的家长表示有困难，主要是因为孩子拒绝。观察到家长的知识得分较高（中位数为6/7），态度得分中等/较高（中位数为24/30）；然而，普遍报告有晒伤史（家长为88%；儿童为24%）。与家长知识相关的因素是个人晒伤史以及定期给孩子重复涂抹防晒霜（中位数得分：6对5；p≤0.01）。态度更积极的预测因素是女性照顾者以及有女儿（中位数得分：分别为30对25和25对24；p≤0.01）。干预后出现了有限的积极变化趋势；然而，避免日晒的习惯有所下降（35%对20%，p = 0.01）。尽管家长的知识水平较高，但儿童的防晒措施并不充分，晒伤也并不罕见。需要克服不利的观念和态度，改进信息质量，以实现儿童的安全日晒。
