Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2013 Feb;20(1):171-6. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0316-9.
Although temporal dynamics are inherent aspects of diagnostic tasks, few studies have investigated how various aspects of time course influence hypothesis generation. An experiment is reported that demonstrates that working memory dynamics operating during serial data acquisition bias hypothesis generation. The presentation rate (and order) of a sequence of serially presented symptoms was manipulated to be either fast (180 ms per symptom) or slow (1,500 ms per symptom) in a simulated medical diagnosis task. When the presentation rate was slow, participants chose the disease hypothesis consistent with the symptoms appearing later in the sequence. When the presentation rate was fast, however, participants chose the disease hypothesis consistent with the symptoms appearing earlier in the sequence, therefore representing a novel primacy effect. We predicted and account for this effect through competitive working memory dynamics governing information acquisition and the contribution of maintained information to the retrieval of hypotheses from long-term memory.
尽管时间动态是诊断任务的固有方面，但很少有研究调查时间过程的各个方面如何影响假设生成。本文报告了一项实验，该实验表明，在连续数据采集过程中工作记忆的动态会影响假设的产生。在模拟医学诊断任务中，序列呈现的一系列症状的呈现速度（和顺序）被操纵为快速（每个症状 180 毫秒）或缓慢（每个症状 1500 毫秒）。当呈现速度较慢时，参与者选择与序列中较晚出现的症状一致的疾病假设。然而，当呈现速度较快时，参与者选择与序列中较早出现的症状一致的疾病假设，因此代表了一种新颖的首因效应。我们通过控制信息获取的竞争工作记忆动态以及从长期记忆中检索假设时保持信息的贡献来预测并解释这种效应。
