Bozzola M, Bozzola E, Abela S, Amato S
Pavia University.
Ig Sanita Pubbl. 2012 May-Jun;68(3):473-82.
Obesity can be defined as an excess of adipose tissue. It is associated to a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. The results of the Italian survey called Okkio alla Salute (2010), which was attended over 42'000 students of third-class of primary school and 44'000 parents, confirm bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyles and excess weight. In particular, 22,9% of the children resulted overweight and 11,1% obese. The prevalence of obesity is higher in the south of Italy than in the north and in males rather than in females. Moreover, parents do not always have a real idea of the physical aspect of their son: 36% of the mothers of overweight or obese children are do not believe their child is overweight. Just 29% of them think that the quantity of food eaten by their child is excessive. The relative risk for an obese child to become an obese adult increases with the age and is directly correlated to the severity of overweight. Among obese children of preschool age, 26 to 41% will be an obese adult., Among scholar children, the percentage increases to 69%. The paper describes a multidisciplinary approach the disease, in fact, dietary and behavioural modifications, associated with physical activity, have the purpose of educate overweight and of preventing the onset of complications or reducing their severity if already present and reversible.
肥胖可定义为脂肪组织过多。它与心血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症的风险显著增加相关。意大利名为“关注健康”（2010年）的调查结果证实了不良饮食习惯、久坐不动的生活方式和超重问题，该调查有超过42000名小学三年级学生和44000名家长参与。特别是，22.9%的儿童超重，11.1%肥胖。意大利南部的肥胖患病率高于北部，男性高于女性。此外，家长们对自己孩子的身体状况并不总是有切实的认识：超重或肥胖儿童的母亲中，36%不认为自己的孩子超重。其中只有29%的人认为孩子吃的食物量过多。肥胖儿童成长为肥胖成年人的相对风险随年龄增长而增加，且与超重的严重程度直接相关。在学龄前肥胖儿童中，26%至41%将成为肥胖成年人。在学龄儿童中，这一比例增至69%。本文描述了针对该疾病的多学科方法，事实上，饮食和行为改变与体育活动相结合，旨在教育超重儿童，并预防并发症的发生，或在并发症已经出现且可逆转时减轻其严重程度。
