Jovchelovitch Sandra
London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2 2AE, United Kingdom.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2012 Dec;46(4):440-56. doi: 10.1007/s12124-012-9217-8.
This paper explores relations between narrative, memory and social representations by examining how social representations express the ways in which communities deal with the historical past. Drawing on a case study of social representations of the Brazilian public sphere, it shows how a specific narrative of origins re-invents history as a useful mythological resource for defending identity, building inter-group solidarity and maintaining social cohesion. Produced by a time-travelling dialogue between multiple sources, this historical narrative is functional both to transform, to stabilise and give resilience to specific social representations of public life. The Brazilian case shows that historical narratives, which tend to be considered as part of the stable core of representational fields, are neither homogenous nor consensual but open polyphasic platforms for the construction of alternative, often contradictory, representations. These representations do not go away because they are ever changing and situated, recruit multiple ways of thinking and fulfil functions of identity, inter-group solidarity and social cohesion. In the disjunction between historiography and the past as social representation are the challenges and opportunities for the dialogue between historians and social psychologists.
本文通过考察社会表征如何表达社区处理历史过去的方式，探讨叙事、记忆与社会表征之间的关系。以巴西公共领域的社会表征为例，它展示了一种特定的起源叙事如何将历史重塑为一种有用的神话资源，用于捍卫身份认同、建立群体间团结和维持社会凝聚力。这种历史叙事是由多个来源之间的穿越时空对话产生的，它既能转变、稳定特定的公共生活社会表征并赋予其韧性。巴西的案例表明，历史叙事往往被视为表征领域稳定核心的一部分，既不是同质的，也不是一致同意的，而是构建替代性、往往相互矛盾的表征的开放多相平台。这些表征不会消失，因为它们不断变化且处于特定情境中，采用多种思维方式，并履行身份认同、群体间团结和社会凝聚力的功能。在历史编纂学与作为社会表征的过去之间的脱节中，存在着历史学家与社会心理学家对话的挑战与机遇。
