Lyons-Ruth K, Connell D B, Grunebaum H U, Botein S
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Hospital, MA 02139.
Child Dev. 1990 Feb;61(1):85-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02762.x.
31 infants at high social risk due to the combined effects of poverty, maternal depression, and caretaking inadequacy were assigned to weekly home-visiting services. At 18 months infant age, the home-visited infants were compared with 2 groups of socioeconomically similar unserved infants on measures of infant development, infant attachment, mother-infant interaction, maternal depression, and maternal social contacts. Home-visited infants of depressed mothers outperformed unserved infants of depressed mothers by an average of 10 points on the Bayley Mental Scale and were twice as likely to be classified as securely attached, with unserved high-risk infants showing a high rate of insecure-disorganized attachments. Duration of services was positively correlated with maternal involvement at 12 months. Results of the study point both to the negative developmental consequences associated with severe social risk conditions and to the buffering effects of developmentally oriented home-visiting services for infants at greatest social risk.
由于贫困、母亲抑郁和照顾不足的综合影响而处于高社会风险的31名婴儿被安排接受每周一次的家访服务。在婴儿18个月大时，将接受家访的婴儿与两组社会经济状况相似但未接受服务的婴儿在婴儿发育、婴儿依恋、母婴互动、母亲抑郁和母亲社会交往等方面进行了比较。抑郁母亲的家访婴儿在贝利智力量表上的得分比未接受服务的抑郁母亲的婴儿平均高出10分，被归类为安全依恋的可能性是后者的两倍，未接受服务的高危婴儿表现出很高比例的不安全混乱依恋。服务时长与12个月时母亲的参与度呈正相关。该研究结果既指出了与严重社会风险状况相关的负面发育后果，也指出了针对社会风险最大的婴儿的以发展为导向的家访服务的缓冲作用。
