Crittenden P M
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1985 Jan;26(1):85-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01630.x.
This study of maltreated infants offers evidence supporting a model of bidirectional effects in which the mother initiates the maltreatment but both mother and infant behave so as to maintain the situation. Maltreated infants were found not to differ from control infants in congenital characteristics. They did, however, display deviance in learned behavior patterns. After intervention with the mother the infants showed behavioral improvement. These results suggested that maltreated infants were not inherently different from other children and that they were resilient in response to environmental improvement. Their earlier behavior may, however, have functioned to maintain their mothers' maltreating responses.
这项针对受虐婴儿的研究提供了证据，支持一种双向影响模型，即母亲引发虐待行为，但母亲和婴儿的行为都使得这种情况得以维持。研究发现，受虐婴儿在先天性特征方面与对照婴儿并无差异。然而，他们在习得的行为模式上表现出偏差。在对母亲进行干预后，婴儿的行为有了改善。这些结果表明，受虐婴儿与其他儿童并无本质区别，并且他们对环境改善具有恢复力。然而，他们早期的行为可能起到了维持母亲虐待反应的作用。
