Ontario Cancer Biomarker Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Biomark Med. 2012 Oct;6(5):587-96. doi: 10.2217/bmm.12.72.
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men and can be managed effectively if diagnosed early and monitored. Currently, prostate-specific antigen testing in conjunction with a digital rectal exam has been utilized for screening at-risk men. However, the lack of specificity of prostate-specific antigen as a marker for prostate cancer combined with the asymptomatic and slow-growing nature of prostate tumors has resulted in many men being overdiagnosed and subjected to surgery or treatment with adverse side effects. The focus in the research community currently has been on discovering noninvasive surrogate markers such as proteins, circulating tumor cells and nucleic acids in the blood or urine of patients with prostate cancer. These markers, in combination with prostate-specific antigen, are providing promise that a personalized multiparametric approach to prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring will aid in managing this disease.
前列腺癌是男性中最常见的癌症，如果早期诊断和监测，是可以有效治疗的。目前，前列腺特异性抗原检测结合直肠指检已用于高危男性的筛查。然而，前列腺特异性抗原作为前列腺癌标志物的特异性不足，加上前列腺肿瘤的无症状和缓慢生长的特性，导致许多男性被过度诊断，并接受手术或治疗，带来不良的副作用。目前，研究界的重点是发现非侵入性的替代标志物，如患者血液或尿液中的蛋白质、循环肿瘤细胞和核酸。这些标志物与前列腺特异性抗原结合，为前列腺癌的诊断和监测提供了一种个性化的多参数方法，有望帮助治疗这种疾病。
