Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Global Health (IHCAR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47632. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047632. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
Few studies have examined the behavioural correlates of non-communicable, chronic disease risk in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to identify socio-behavioural characteristics associated with being overweight or being hypertensive in a low-income setting, so as to highlight possible interventions and target groups.
A population based survey was conducted in a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) in eastern Uganda. 1656 individuals aged 35 to 60 years had their Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) assessed. Seven lifestyle factors were also assessed, using a validated questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify socio-behavioural factors associated with being overweight or being hypertensive.
Prevalence of overweight was found to be 18% (25.2% of women; 9.7% of men; p<0.001) while prevalence of obesity was 5.3% (8.3% of women; 2.2% of men). The prevalence of hypertension was 20.5%. Factors associated with being overweight included being female (OR 3.7; 95% CI 2.69-5.08), peri-urban residence (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.46-3.01), higher socio-economic status (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.40-6.98), and increasing age (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.12-2.79). Those who met the recommended minimum physical activity level, and those with moderate dietary diversity were less likely to be overweight (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.35-0.65 and OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.49-3.01). Factors associated with being hypertensive included peri-urban residence (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.60-3.66), increasing age (OR 4.5; 95% CI 2.94-6.96) and being over-weight (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.98-3.98). Overweight persons in rural areas were significantly more likely to be hypertensive than those in peri-urban areas (p = 0.013).
Being overweight in low-income settings is associated with sex, physical activity and dietary diversity and being hypertensive is associated with being overweight; these factors are modifiable. There is need for context-specific health education addressing disparities in lifestyles at community levels in rural Africa.
在低收入国家，很少有研究探讨非传染性慢性病风险的行为相关性。本研究的目的是确定与超重或高血压相关的社会行为特征，以便突出可能的干预措施和目标人群。
在乌干达东部的一个健康和人口监测站点（HDSS）进行了一项基于人群的调查。对 1656 名年龄在 35 至 60 岁之间的人进行了体重指数（BMI）和血压（BP）评估。还使用经过验证的问卷评估了七种生活方式因素。使用逻辑回归确定与超重或高血压相关的社会行为因素。
超重的患病率为 18%（女性为 25.2%；男性为 9.7%；p<0.001），而肥胖的患病率为 5.3%（女性为 8.3%；男性为 2.2%）。高血压的患病率为 20.5%。与超重相关的因素包括女性（OR 3.7；95%CI 2.69-5.08）、城市周边居住（OR 2.5；95%CI 1.46-3.01）、较高的社会经济地位（OR 4.1；95%CI 2.40-6.98）和年龄增长（OR 1.8；95%CI 1.12-2.79）。达到推荐的最低身体活动水平的人和饮食多样性适中的人不太可能超重（OR 0.5；95%CI 0.35-0.65 和 OR 0.7；95%CI 0.49-3.01）。与高血压相关的因素包括城市周边居住（OR 2.4；95%CI 1.60-3.66）、年龄增长（OR 4.5；95%CI 2.94-6.96）和超重（OR 2.8；95%CI 1.98-3.98）。与城市地区相比，农村地区超重者患高血压的可能性明显更高（p=0.013）。
在低收入环境中，超重与性别、身体活动和饮食多样性有关，而高血压与超重有关；这些因素是可以改变的。在农村非洲，需要在社区层面开展针对生活方式差异的具体情况健康教育。
