1 Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Campus, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Nov;16(11):2046-54. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004466. Epub 2012 Oct 19.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is known to be cardioprotective and its association with the components of the metabolic syndrome in children is becoming clearer. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness may offset the weight-related association with mean arterial pressure (MAP) in schoolchildren.
Cross-sectional study.
Schoolchildren from the East of England, U.K.
A total of 5983 (48% females) schoolchildren, 10 to 16 years of age, had height, weight and blood pressure measured by standard procedures and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by the 20 m shuttle-run test. Participants were classified as fit or unfit using internationally accepted fitness cut-off points; and as normal weight, overweight or obese based on BMI, again using international cut-off points. Age-adjusted ANCOVA was used to determine the main effects and interaction of fitness and BMI on MAP Z-score. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of elevated MAP.
Prevalence of elevated MAP in schoolchildren was 14.8% overall and 35.7% in those who were obese-unfit. Approximately 21% of participants were overweight and 5% obese, while 23% were classified as unfit. MAP generally increased across BMI categories and was higher in the aerobically unfit participants. Obese-fit males had lower MAP compared with obese-unfit males (P < 0.001); this trend was similar in females (P = 0.05).
Increasing fitness level may have a positive impact on the weight-related elevations of MAP seen in obese and overweight schoolchildren.
众所周知，心肺适能对心脏具有保护作用，其与儿童代谢综合征各组分之间的关系也越来越明确。本研究旨在探讨心肺适能在多大程度上可以抵消儿童体重与平均动脉压（MAP）之间的相关性。
横断面研究。
英国英格兰东部的学校。
共有 5983 名（48%为女性）10 至 16 岁的学龄儿童，通过标准程序测量身高、体重和血压，并通过 20 米往返跑测试评估心肺适能。使用国际公认的适能临界值将参与者分为健康和不健康；根据 BMI 将参与者分为正常体重、超重或肥胖，同样使用国际临界值。使用年龄调整的协方差分析（ANCOVA）来确定适能和 BMI 对 MAPZ 评分的主要影响和交互作用。使用逻辑回归模型来估计 MAP 升高的比值比。
学龄儿童中 MAP 升高的总体患病率为 14.8%，肥胖且不健康的儿童中患病率为 35.7%。大约 21%的参与者超重，5%肥胖，而 23%的参与者被归类为不健康。MAP 通常随着 BMI 类别而增加，且在有氧能力不健康的参与者中更高。与肥胖且不健康的男性相比，肥胖且健康的男性的 MAP 较低（P < 0.001）；这种趋势在女性中也相似（P = 0.05）。
提高健康水平可能对肥胖和超重学龄儿童中与体重相关的 MAP 升高产生积极影响。
